Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Púbica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2023 Jul 17;39(6):e00158122. doi: 10.1590/0102-311XEN158122. eCollection 2023.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables and their associated factors in a national sample representative of the Brazilian population aged 60 or over. Baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted from 2015 to 2016, including 4,982 older individuals, were used. The recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables was assessed based on questions on the weekly and daily frequency of fruits, natural fruit juice, and vegetables. Intake of five or more servings of these foods on five or more days per week was considered as recommended consumption. Exploratory variables included socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviors, health conditions, and use of health services. Univariate and multiple logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with the recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables. The prevalence of recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables was 12.9% (95%CI: 11.5-14.3). This consumption showed associations with gender (women - OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.08-1.82), age group (80 years or older - OR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.16-2.37), education level (8 years or more - OR = 2.07; 95%CI: 1.51-2.86), smoking (former smokers - OR = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.55-0.85 and current smokers - OR = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.33-0.77) and medical appointments in the previous 12 months (OR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.31-2.71). Our findings showed a low prevalence of the recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables among older Brazilian adults, drawing attention to the need for policies aimed at increasing this consumption in the studied population.
本研究旨在评估巴西 60 岁及以上人群中推荐的水果和蔬菜摄入量及其相关因素。本研究使用了 2015 年至 2016 年进行的巴西老龄化纵向研究（ELSI-Brazil）的基线数据，该研究共纳入了 4982 名老年人。水果和蔬菜的推荐摄入量是根据每周和每天食用水果、天然果汁和蔬菜的频率来评估的。每周食用这些食物 5 天或以上，每天食用这些食物 5 份或以上被认为是推荐的摄入量。探索性变量包括社会人口学特征、健康行为、健康状况和卫生服务的使用。使用单变量和多因素逻辑回归来检查与推荐的水果和蔬菜摄入量相关的因素。推荐的水果和蔬菜摄入量的流行率为 12.9%（95%CI：11.5-14.3）。这种摄入量与性别（女性-OR=1.40；95%CI：1.08-1.82）、年龄组（80 岁及以上-OR=1.66；95%CI：1.16-2.37）、教育程度（8 年或以上-OR=2.07；95%CI：1.51-2.86）、吸烟状况（前吸烟者-OR=0.69；95%CI：0.55-0.85 和当前吸烟者-OR=0.50；95%CI：0.33-0.77）和过去 12 个月内的医疗预约（OR=1.88；95%CI：1.31-2.71）有关。我们的研究结果显示，巴西老年成年人中推荐的水果和蔬菜摄入量较低，这表明需要制定政策来增加研究人群中的这种摄入量。
