Social Cognition Center Cologne, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Cogn Emot. 2020 Feb;34(1):42-56. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2019.1646213. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
Evaluative conditioning (EC) is a change in the liking of a stimulus (conditioned stimulus or CS) due to its previous pairings with another stimulus (unconditioned stimulus or US). In three experiments, we investigated if conditioning CSs with fear or disgust evoking USs increase EC effects that do not require explicit memory. Experiment 1 used images to manipulate the type of US between participants, Experiment 2 used auditory stimuli to manipulate the type of US within participants, and Experiment 3 used both images and auditory stimuli to manipulate the type of US within participants. All experiments failed to provide evidence that fear/disgust-evoking USs lead to larger EC effects without explicit memory than non-fear/non-disgust-evoking USs. Most results are in line with the assumption that the found EC effects are based on explicit memory. The results contribute to the larger goal in EC research of determining which conditions can lead to EC effects in the absence of explicit memory.
评价性条件作用（EC）是由于先前与另一种刺激（无条件刺激或 US）的配对而导致对刺激（条件刺激或 CS）的喜好发生变化。在三项实验中，我们研究了是否通过与恐惧或厌恶引起的 US 配对来调节 CS，可以增强不需要明确记忆的 EC 效应。实验 1 使用图像在参与者之间操纵 US 的类型，实验 2 使用听觉刺激在参与者内操纵 US 的类型，实验 3 使用图像和听觉刺激在参与者内操纵 US 的类型。所有实验都未能提供证据表明，与非恐惧/非厌恶引起的 US 相比，引起恐惧/厌恶的 US 会导致更大的无明确记忆的 EC 效应。大多数结果都符合这样一种假设，即发现的 EC 效应是基于明确的记忆。这些结果有助于 EC 研究的更大目标，即确定在没有明确记忆的情况下哪些条件可以导致 EC 效应。
