Department of Educational Governance, Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education.
Center for Educational Research, Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
Dev Psychol. 2019 Oct;55(10):2231-2248. doi: 10.1037/dev0000766. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
What drives socioeconomic success within a society? This study analyzes how late childhood intelligence, parental socioeconomic background, and gender relate to multiple dimensions of adult socioeconomic success (i.e., education, occupational status, and income). A particular focus is placed on education, which is considered as both an indicator of socioeconomic success and a mediator of the relationships with the other dimensions. Randomly sampled participants (N = 5,292) in a German prospective longitudinal study were assessed for the first time at age 12 years in 1991 and for the last time as adults in 2009-10. Comparison of the effects of childhood intelligence and parental socioeconomic background revealed childhood intelligence to be the more powerful predictor of the 3 dimensions of later adult socioeconomic success. Education was the strongest predictor of both later adult occupational status and later adult income, and mediated most of the effects of childhood intelligence and parental socioeconomic background on later adult occupational status and later adult income. A gender income gap was apparent, with men reporting higher income, even when childhood factors and education were controlled. Education barely mediated any gender differences, but family-related structural factors (i.e., working part time and having children) explained much of the gender gap in income. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
社会中的哪些因素推动了社会经济的成功？本研究分析了儿童晚期智力、父母的社会经济背景和性别如何与成年后社会经济成功的多个维度（即教育、职业地位和收入）相关。特别关注的是教育，因为它既是社会经济成功的一个指标，也是与其他维度关系的中介。在一项德国前瞻性纵向研究中，随机抽样的参与者（N=5292）在 1991 年首次接受了 12 岁的评估，并在 2009-10 年最后一次作为成年人接受了评估。比较儿童智力和父母社会经济背景的影响发现，儿童智力是后来成年后 3 个社会经济成功维度的更有力预测因素。教育是后来成年职业地位和后来成年收入的最强预测因素，并且中介了儿童智力和父母社会经济背景对后来成年职业地位和后来成年收入的大部分影响。存在性别收入差距，即使控制了儿童时期的因素和教育，男性的收入也更高。教育几乎没有中介任何性别差异，但与家庭相关的结构性因素（即兼职工作和有孩子）解释了收入性别差距的很大一部分。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
