Friesen Kenzie B, Barfield Jeff W, Murrah William M, Dugas Jeff R, Andrews James R, Oliver Gretchen D
Sports Medicine and Movement Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn AL, USA.
Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Technology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL.
J Strength Cond Res. 2021 Nov 1;35(11):3145-3150. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003287.
Friesen, KB, Barfield, JW, Murrah, WM, Dugas, JR, Andrews, JR, and Oliver, GD. The association of upper-body kinematics and earned run average of national collegiate athletic association Division I softball pitchers. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3145-3150, 2021-Although recent literature has increased examination of the association of injury and biomechanics, there remains a lack of evidence supporting optimal windmill pitch mechanics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate trunk and pitching arm kinematics and their association with performance outcome: earned run average (ERA), in collegiate softball pitchers. Twenty-three NCAA Division I collegiate softball pitchers (20.14 ± 1.07 years; 173.93 ± 6.68 cm; and 85.79 ± 11.06 kg) performed 3 maximal effort rise ball pitches to a catcher located at a distance of 43 ft. (13.11 m). Kinematic data of the trunk and pitching arm were collected using an electromagnetic tracking system. A multiple regression analysis was performed at each pitch event: top of backswing, foot contact, ball release, and follow-through. The multiple regression at foot contact showed an overall statistically significant regression equation (F6, 16 = 3.7, p = 0.017) and explained approximately 42% of the variance in ERA (R = 0.579, Adj. R2 = 0.421). Results revealed that those pitchers who had greater trunk (SE = 0.018, t = -2.5, p = 0.023) and elbow flexion (SE = 0.006, t = -4.2, p = 0.001) at the event of foot contact had lower ERAs. This study supported previous research on the importance of trunk and elbow angle at front foot contact on rise ball pitch performance. These key technique points and the importance of elbow flexors should be explored in future research and potentially visually attended to by coaches and strength professionals.
弗里森，KB；巴菲尔德，JW；默拉，WM；杜加斯，JR；安德鲁斯，JR；奥利弗，GD。美国国家大学体育协会一级垒球投手的上身运动学与自责分率的关联。《力量与体能研究杂志》35(11): 3145 - 3150，2021年。尽管近期文献增加了对损伤与生物力学关联的研究，但仍缺乏支持最佳风车式投球力学的证据。因此，本研究的目的是调查大学垒球投手中躯干和投球手臂的运动学及其与表现结果：自责分率（ERA）的关联。23名美国国家大学体育协会一级大学垒球投手（年龄20.14 ± 1.07岁；身高173.93 ± 6.68厘米；体重85.79 ± 11.06千克）向距离43英尺（13.11米）处的捕手投出3次最大努力的上升球。使用电磁跟踪系统收集躯干和投球手臂的运动学数据。在每个投球事件（后摆顶点、脚触地、球出手和随挥）进行多元回归分析。脚触地时的多元回归显示出总体具有统计学意义的回归方程（F6, 16 = 3.7，p = 0.017），并解释了ERA中约42%的方差（R = 0.579，调整后R2 = 0.421）。结果显示，在脚触地时躯干（标准误 = 0.018，t = -2.5，p = 0.023）和肘部屈曲（标准误 = 0.006，t = -4.2，p = 0.001）更大的那些投手自责分率更低。本研究支持了先前关于前脚触地时躯干和肘部角度对上升球投球表现重要性的研究。这些关键技术要点以及肘部屈肌的重要性应在未来研究中进行探索，并且教练和体能专业人员可能需要在视觉上予以关注。
