Fadic R Ricardo, Repetto D Guillermo
Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile.
Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
Rev Chil Pediatr. 2019 Jun;90(3):253-259. doi: 10.32641/rchped.v90i3.1231.
Measles is still a major cause of child morbidity and mortality. In recent years, it has become a global public health problem, attributed to low vaccination coverage observed in different countries. In order to control it, a highly effective live virus vaccine is available, which was used for the first time in Chile in 1964, covering practically the whole country in a short period of time. This was the first world experience, which was later imitated by other countries leading to a significant drop in mor bidity and mortality rates. Its effectiveness has been amply demonstrated, but it requires coverage maintenance higher than 95%. In Chile, minor endemic situation persisted until 1993. In recent years, there have been some reduced outbreaks and sporadic cases linked to contacts with imported cases, however, according to recent data, measles is now circulating in more than 160 countries at an unprecedented spread level, where infected travelers are the main vehicle of transmission. In Chile, the Ministry of Health has decided to strengthen and update the vaccination of susceptible groups, especially travelers. This update reviews historical aspects and current information on this re-emer ging disease, showing its high epidemiological impact on the pediatric and adult population globally.
麻疹仍然是儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。近年来，由于不同国家疫苗接种覆盖率较低，麻疹已成为一个全球公共卫生问题。为了控制麻疹，有一种高效的活病毒疫苗可供使用，该疫苗于1964年在智利首次使用，并在短时间内覆盖了几乎整个国家。这是世界上的首次经验，后来被其他国家效仿，导致发病率和死亡率大幅下降。其有效性已得到充分证明，但它需要维持高于95%的覆盖率。在智利，小规模的地方病情况一直持续到1993年。近年来，出现了一些与输入性病例接触相关的小规模疫情爆发和散发病例，然而，根据最近的数据，麻疹目前正在160多个国家以前所未有的传播水平流行，受感染的旅行者是主要传播媒介。在智利，卫生部已决定加强和更新易感人群的疫苗接种，特别是旅行者。本更新回顾了关于这种重新出现的疾病的历史方面和当前信息，显示了其对全球儿童和成人人群的高度流行病学影响。
