Dezawa Mari, Niizuma Kuniyasu, Tominaga Teiji
Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine.
Brain Nerve. 2019 Aug;71(8):895-900. doi: 10.11477/mf.1416201372.
Muse cells are non-tumorigenic reparative endogenous stem cells identified by SSEA-3+. They are pluripotent and are stably mobilized from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood and distribute to organ connective tissue, where they contribute to daily minute repair of damaged/lost cells by spontaneous differentiation into tissue-constituent cells. Muse cells specifically home to damaged site to repair the tissue by simultaneous differentiation into multiple tissue-constituent cells. When the number of endogenous Muse cells is not sufficient, administration of exogenous Muse cells delivers robust functional recovery. Muse cells do not need to be "induced" or genetically manipulated. Intravenous drip is the main method of administration, making surgical operation unnecessary. Because Muse cells have an immunomodulatory system similar to the placenta, donor-derived Muse cells can be directly administered to patients without HLA-matching or immunosuppression therapy. Allogeneic Muse cells remain in the host tissue as differentiated cells for more than half a year. Clinical trials for the treatment of myocardial infarction, stroke and epidermolysis bullosa with intravenous injection of donor-derived Muse cells are currently conducted by the Life Science Institute Inc. Muse cells may safely provide clinically relevant effects compatible with the 'body's natural repair systems' by a simple cost-effective strategy.
缪斯细胞是通过阶段特异性胚胎抗原-3（SSEA-3）阳性鉴定的非致瘤性内源性修复干细胞。它们具有多能性，可从骨髓稳定地动员到外周血，并分布到器官结缔组织中，在那里它们通过自发分化为组织组成细胞，对受损/丢失的细胞进行日常微小修复。缪斯细胞特异性归巢到受损部位，通过同时分化为多种组织组成细胞来修复组织。当内源性缪斯细胞数量不足时，给予外源性缪斯细胞可实现强大的功能恢复。缪斯细胞无需“诱导”或基因操作。静脉滴注是主要给药方式，无需进行外科手术。由于缪斯细胞具有与胎盘相似的免疫调节系统，供体来源的缪斯细胞无需进行人类白细胞抗原（HLA）匹配或免疫抑制治疗即可直接给予患者。同种异体缪斯细胞作为分化细胞在宿主组织中留存半年以上。生命科学研究所目前正在进行静脉注射供体来源的缪斯细胞治疗心肌梗死、中风和大疱性表皮松解症的临床试验。缪斯细胞或许能通过一种简单且经济高效的策略，安全地提供与“身体自然修复系统”相符的临床相关效果。
