Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1103:43-68. doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-56847-6_3.
The dynamics and actions of Muse cells at a time of physical crisis are unique and highly remarkable compared with other stem cell types. When the living body is in a steady state, low levels of Muse cells are mobilized to the peripheral blood, possibly from the bone marrow, and supplied to the connective tissue of nearly every organ. Under conditions of serious tissue damage, such as acute myocardial infarction and stroke, Muse cells are highly mobilized to the peripheral blood, drastically increasing their numbers in the peripheral blood within 24 h after the onset of tissue injury. The alerting signal, sphingosine-1-phosphate, attracts Muse cells to the damaged site mainly via the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2, enabling them to preferentially home to site of injury. After homing, Muse cells spontaneously differentiate into tissue-compatible cells and replenish new functional cells for tissue repair. Because Muse cells have pleiotropic effects, including paracrine, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-apoptotic effects, these cells synergistically deliver long-lasting functional and structural recovery. This chapter describes how Muse cells exert their reparative effects in vivo.
在身体面临危机时，Muse 细胞的活动和作用与其他干细胞类型相比是独特且非常显著的。当生命体处于稳定状态时，少量 Muse 细胞会被动员到外周血中，可能来自骨髓，并供应给几乎每个器官的结缔组织。在严重组织损伤的情况下，如急性心肌梗死和中风，Muse 细胞会被高度动员到外周血中，在外周血中的数量在组织损伤后 24 小时内急剧增加。警报信号——鞘氨醇 1-磷酸通过鞘氨醇 1-磷酸受体 2 吸引 Muse 细胞到损伤部位，使它们能够优先归巢到损伤部位。归巢后，Muse 细胞会自发分化为与组织相容的细胞，并为组织修复补充新的功能性细胞。由于 Muse 细胞具有多种效应，包括旁分泌、抗炎、抗纤维化和抗细胞凋亡作用，这些细胞协同作用可实现持久的功能和结构恢复。本章描述了 Muse 细胞在体内发挥修复作用的方式。
