Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Psychology & Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2019 Dec;26(6):1896-1904. doi: 10.3758/s13423-019-01639-0.
Although the joint Simon task (JST) has been investigated for more than a decade, its cause is still unclear. According to ideomotor views of action control, action effects are a commonly cited explanation. However, action effects are usually confounded with the actions producing such effects. We combined a JST with eye tracking and asked participants to respond by performing specific saccades. Saccades were followed by visual feedback (central vs. lateral feedback), serving as the action effect. This arrangement allowed us to isolate actions from action effects and, also to prevent each actor from seeing the reciprocal actions of the other actor. In this saccadic JST, we found a significant compatibility effect in the individual setting. The typical enhanced compatibility effect in the joint setting of the JST was absent with central action feedback and even when lateralized visual action feedback was provided. Our findings suggest that the perception of action effects alone might not be sufficient to modulate compatibility effects for eye movements. The presence of a compatibility effect in the individual setting shows the specific requirements of a saccadic compatibility task - the requirement to perform prosaccades to compatible and antisaccades to incompatible target locations. The lack of a difference between compatibility effects in joint and individual settings and the lack of a modulation of the compatibility effect through lateralized visual action feedback shows that the finding of a joint Simon effect that has frequently been reported for manual responses is absent for saccadic responses.
尽管联合西蒙任务 (JST) 已经研究了十多年，但它的原因仍不清楚。根据动作控制的意念运动观点，动作效应是一个常见的解释。然而，动作效应通常与产生这些效应的动作混淆。我们将 JST 与眼动追踪相结合，要求参与者通过执行特定的眼跳来做出反应。眼跳后会出现视觉反馈（中央反馈与侧方反馈），作为动作效应。这种安排允许我们将动作与动作效应分离，也可以防止每个参与者看到另一个参与者的相互动作。在这个眼跳 JST 中，我们在个体设置中发现了显著的兼容性效应。在 JST 的联合设置中，典型的增强兼容性效应在中央动作反馈时不存在，甚至在提供侧方视觉动作反馈时也不存在。我们的研究结果表明，仅仅感知动作效应可能不足以调节眼动的兼容性效应。在个体设置中存在兼容性效应表明，眼跳兼容性任务有特定的要求——需要执行与目标位置相兼容的正向眼跳和与目标位置不兼容的反向眼跳。在联合和个体设置中兼容性效应没有差异，以及侧方视觉动作反馈对兼容性效应没有调节作用，表明频繁报告的手动反应的联合西蒙效应在眼跳反应中不存在。
