Institute for Psychological Research, Leiden University.
Research Group: Heterogeneity and Inclusion, Faculty of Human Science, University of Potsdam.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2015 Feb;41(1):186-95. doi: 10.1037/a0038548. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
The joint Simon effect (JSE) shows that the presence of another agent can change one's representation of one's task and/or action. According to the spatial response coding approach, this is because another person in one's peri-personal space automatically induces the spatial coding of one's own action, which in turn invites spatial stimulus-response priming. According to the referential coding approach, the presence of another person or event creates response conflict, which the actor is assumed to solve by emphasizing response features that discriminate between one's own response and that of the other. The 2 approaches often make the same predictions, but the spatial response coding approach considers spatial location as the only dimension that can drive response coding, whereas the referential coding approach allows for other dimensions as well. To compare these approaches, the authors ran 2 experiments to see whether a nonspatial JSE can be demonstrated. Participants responded to the geometrical shape of a central colored stimulus by pressing a left or right button, while wearing gloves of the same or different color as the stimuli. Participants performed the task individually, either by responding to either stimulus shapes (Experiment 1) or by responding to only 1 of the 2 shapes (Experiment 2), and in the presence of a coactor. Congruence between stimulus and glove color affected performance in the 2-choice and the joint tasks but not in the individual go/no-go task. This demonstration of a nonspatial JSE is inconsistent with the spatial response coding approach but supports the referential coding approach.
联合西蒙效应（JSE）表明，另一个代理的存在可以改变一个人对自己任务和/或动作的表示。根据空间响应编码方法，这是因为另一个人在一个人的个人空间中自动诱导了自己动作的空间编码，这反过来又邀请了空间刺激-反应启动。根据参照编码方法，另一个人或事件的存在会产生反应冲突，假定行为者通过强调区分自己的反应和他人的反应的反应特征来解决这种冲突。这两种方法通常做出相同的预测，但空间响应编码方法认为空间位置是唯一可以驱动响应编码的维度，而参照编码方法允许其他维度。为了比较这两种方法，作者进行了两项实验，以确定是否可以证明非空间 JSE。参与者通过按下左或右按钮来响应中央彩色刺激的几何形状，同时佩戴与刺激相同或不同颜色的手套。参与者单独执行任务，要么通过响应任意形状（实验 1），要么通过仅响应 2 个形状之一（实验 2），并在有协同者的情况下执行任务。刺激和手套颜色之间的一致性会影响 2 选择和联合任务的表现，但不会影响个体的 Go/No-Go 任务。这种非空间 JSE 的演示与空间响应编码方法不一致，但支持参照编码方法。
