Liu Cuizhen, Chen Linqiu, Yu Rongjun
Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application and Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2019 Aug;199:102894. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102894. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
Human beings possess the adaptive ability to apply experiential knowledge to new situations. Although this generalization capability has been demonstrated in fear and reward learning, it remains unclear whether it extends to analgesic and hyperalgesic pain responses. Here, we conducted two experiments (total n = 104) to test the generalization effects of placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia. The first experiment, using a category-based conditioning paradigm in which two categories of images were used as acquisition stimuli, assessed whether pain perception can be generalized to never-seen pictures of the same category in the generalization phase. The second experiment adopted a single stimulus for each category as CS to further examine the generalization effects after learning a single exemplar. Pain ratings showed that participants reported higher pain or lower pain when the pain was preceded by novel stimuli that were conceptually similar to the previously conditioned stimuli, suggesting a generalization of analgesic and hyperalgesic pain modulation effects. These results provide novel evidence that analgesic and hyperalgesic effects on pain perception can be generalized to conceptually similar new items.
人类具有将经验知识应用于新情况的适应能力。尽管这种泛化能力已在恐惧和奖赏学习中得到证明，但它是否延伸至镇痛和痛觉过敏的疼痛反应仍不清楚。在此，我们进行了两项实验（共104名参与者）来测试安慰剂镇痛和反安慰剂痛觉过敏的泛化效应。第一个实验使用基于类别的条件作用范式，其中两类图像用作习得刺激，评估在泛化阶段疼痛感知是否可泛化到从未见过的同一类别的图片。第二个实验为每个类别采用单个刺激作为条件刺激，以在学习单个范例后进一步检验泛化效应。疼痛评分显示，当疼痛之前出现的新刺激在概念上与先前的条件刺激相似时，参与者报告的疼痛更高或更低，这表明镇痛和痛觉过敏的疼痛调节效应存在泛化。这些结果提供了新的证据，即对疼痛感知的镇痛和痛觉过敏效应可泛化到概念上相似的新项目。
