Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Canada.
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
Health Place. 2019 Jul;58:102171. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102171. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
A growing body of research has shown that neighbourhood-level factors, such as the density of retail outlets selling tobacco and neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage affect smoking prevalence, with high levels of outlet density and neighbourhood disadvantage related to higher smoking prevalence. However, few studies have considered the role of other neighbourhood processes like stressors including perceived neighbourhood disorder in these effects. The present study examined the effects of tobacco outlet density, neighbourhood income and perceived neighbourhood disorder on smoking prevalence among a representative sample of 2,412 adult neighbourhood residents in a large urban centre in Canada. Tobacco outlet density and perceived neighbourhood disorder were significantly associated with smoking in an unadjusted multilevel model, but only perceived neighbourhood disorder remained significant in a model adjusting for other confounders. Findings suggest the need for community-based interventions to address the relationship between neighbourhood disorder and smoking, as well as more research on the combined role of tobacco availability and neighbourhood stressors, beyond neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage, on smoking behaviour.
越来越多的研究表明，社区层面的因素，如出售烟草的零售点密度和社区社会经济劣势，会影响吸烟率，较高的销售点密度和社区劣势与较高的吸烟率有关。然而，很少有研究考虑其他社区过程（如压力源）在这些影响中的作用，包括感知到的邻里混乱。本研究在加拿大一个大城市的一个代表性的 2412 名成年社区居民样本中，考察了烟草销售点密度、社区收入和感知社区混乱对吸烟率的影响。在未调整的多层次模型中，烟草销售点密度和感知邻里混乱与吸烟显著相关，但在调整了其他混杂因素的模型中，只有感知邻里混乱仍然显著。研究结果表明，需要开展基于社区的干预措施，以解决邻里混乱与吸烟之间的关系，同时还需要更多的研究，探讨除社区社会经济劣势之外，烟草供应和社区压力源的综合作用对吸烟行为的影响。
