销售烟草制品的零售商可及性方面的邻里不平等：一项系统综述
Neighbourhood inequities in the availability of retailers selling tobacco products: a systematic review.
作者信息
Kong Amanda Y, Lee Joseph G L, Halvorson-Fried Sarah M, Sewell Kerry B, Golden Shelley Diane, Henriksen Lisa, Herbert Lily, Ribisl Kurt M
机构信息
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
出版信息
Tob Control. 2025 May 15;34(3):350-360. doi: 10.1136/tc-2024-058718.
OBJECTIVE
To examine inequities in tobacco retailer availability by neighbourhood-level socioeconomic, racial/ethnic and same-sex couple composition.
DATA SOURCES
We conducted a 10 November 2022 search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Global Health, LILACS, Embase, ABI/Inform, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, Web of Science and Scopus.
STUDY SELECTION
We included records from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries that tested associations of area-level measures of tobacco retailer availability and neighbourhood-level sociodemographic characteristics. Two coders reviewed the full text of eligible records (n=58), including 41 records and 205 effect sizes for synthesis.
DATA EXTRACTION
We used dual independent screening of titles, abstracts and full texts. One author abstracted and a second author confirmed the study design, location, unit of analysis, sample size, retailer data source, availability measure, statistical approach, sociodemographic characteristic and unadjusted effect sizes.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Of the 124 effect sizes related to socioeconomic inequities (60.5% of all effect sizes), 101 (81.5%) indicated evidence of inequities. Of 205 effect sizes, 69 (33.7%) tested associations between retailer availability and neighbourhood composition of racially and ethnically minoritised people, and 57/69 (82.6%) documented inequities. Tobacco availability was greater in neighbourhoods with more Black, Hispanic/Latine and Asian residents (82.8%, 90.3% and 40.0% of effect sizes, respectively). Two effect sizes found greater availability with more same-sex households.
CONCLUSIONS
There are stark inequities in tobacco retailer availability. Moving beyond documenting inequities to partnering with communities to design, implement, and evaluate interventions that reduce and eliminate inequities in retail availability is needed to promote an equitable retail environment.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42019124984.
目的
按邻里层面的社会经济、种族/族裔及同性伴侣构成情况，研究烟草零售商分布的不平等现象。
数据来源
我们于2022年11月10日检索了PubMed、PsycINFO、全球健康数据库、拉丁美洲及加勒比地区卫生科学数据库、Embase、ABI/Inform、护理学与健康领域数据库、商业资源完整版数据库、科学引文索引数据库和Scopus数据库。
研究选择
我们纳入了经济合作与发展组织成员国的记录，这些记录检验了地区层面烟草零售商分布措施与邻里层面社会人口特征之间的关联。两名编码员对符合条件的记录（n = 58）全文进行了审查，其中包括41份记录和205个效应量用于综合分析。
数据提取
我们对标题、摘要和全文进行了双重独立筛选。一名作者提取数据，另一名作者确认研究设计、地点、分析单位、样本量、零售商数据源、分布衡量指标、统计方法、社会人口特征和未调整的效应量。
数据综合
在与社会经济不平等相关的124个效应量中（占所有效应量的60.5%），101个（81.5%）表明存在不平等证据。在205个效应量中，69个（33.7%）检验了零售商分布与少数族裔邻里构成之间的关联，其中57/69（82.6%）记录了不平等现象。在黑人、西班牙裔/拉丁裔和亚裔居民较多的社区，烟草供应更多（效应量分别为82.8%、90.3%和40.0%）。两个效应量发现同性家庭较多时烟草供应更多。
结论
烟草零售商分布存在明显的不平等现象。需要从记录不平等现象转向与社区合作，设计、实施和评估减少和消除零售分布不平等的干预措施，以促进公平的零售环境。
国际前瞻性系统评价注册库注册号
CRD42019124984。
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