Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019 Oct;103:109823. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109823. Epub 2019 May 31.
Acrylic bone cement (ABC) has been used as a grouting agent in joint replacement surgery for over 50 years. In particular, ABC is irreplaceable for high-load joint replacement such as total hip joint replacements (THJRs) and total knee joint replacements because of its excellent mechanical properties. However, the bioactivity of ABC needs to be improved. In this study, we attempted to enhance cytocompatibility and osseointegration of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement via the incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) powders. The results of in vitro rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) culture on the specimens of PMMA containing different levels of MWCNT loading demonstrated that MWCNT addition improved cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, it was shown from both gene and protein expression levels that MWCNT addition promoted the osteogenic differentiation. For the animal model study, PMMA specimens at different levels of MWCNT loading were implanted into a New Zealand rabbit bone defect model. The results showed that new bone formation occurred inside the bone cement and the integration between the bone cement and bone tissue were significantly enhanced with an increase in MWCNT loading level at 12 weeks post-surgery. Moreover, when the loading of MWCNT was only 1 wt%, the bone ingrowth ratio was up to 42.2% at 12 weeks, and a large number of osteoblasts congregated and new bone formed within the bone cement. In conclusion, cytocompatibility and osseointegration of the bone cements can be controlled by adjusting the MWCNT loading. The whole collection of the present results suggests that MWCNT-incorporated PMMA bone cement may have promise for use in certain orthopedic applications.
丙烯酸酯骨水泥（ABC）已作为一种灌浆剂在关节置换手术中使用了超过 50 年。特别是，由于其出色的机械性能，ABC 在高负荷关节置换（如全髋关节置换术和全膝关节置换术）中是不可替代的。然而，ABC 的生物活性需要提高。在这项研究中，我们试图通过添加多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）粉末来提高聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）骨水泥的细胞相容性和骨整合性。在含有不同 MWCNT 加载水平的 PMMA 标本上进行的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（rBMSCs）体外培养的结果表明，MWCNT 的添加提高了细胞的黏附性和增殖。此外，从基因和蛋白表达水平来看，MWCNT 的添加促进了成骨分化。对于动物模型研究，将不同 MWCNT 加载水平的 PMMA 标本植入新西兰兔骨缺损模型中。结果表明，新骨形成于骨水泥内部，随着术后 12 周 MWCNT 加载水平的增加，骨水泥与骨组织之间的整合得到显著增强。此外，当 MWCNT 的加载量仅为 1wt%时，在 12 周时，骨内生长率高达 42.2%，并且大量成骨细胞聚集，骨水泥内形成新骨。总之，通过调整 MWCNT 的加载量，可以控制骨水泥的细胞相容性和骨整合性。综上所述，MWCNT 掺入 PMMA 骨水泥可能在某些骨科应用中具有应用前景。
