Cherednichenko Kirill, Sayfutdinova Adeliya, Rimashevskiy Denis, Malik Birzhan, Panchenko Andrey, Kopitsyna Maria, Ragnaev Stanislav, Vinokurov Vladimir, Voronin Denis, Kopitsyn Dmitry
Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Oil and Gas "Gubkin University", Moscow 119991, Russia.
Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Sep 14;15(18):3757. doi: 10.3390/polym15183757.
Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) has become an indispensable material in orthopedic surgery in recent decades, owing to the possibility of drugs delivery to the surgical site. It is applied for both infection prophylaxis (e.g., in primary joint arthroplasty) and infection treatment (e.g., in periprosthetic infection). However, the introduction of antibiotic to the polymer matrix diminishes the mechanical strength of the latter. Moreover, the majority of the loaded antibiotic remains embedded in polymer and does not participate in drug elution. Incorporation of the various additives to ALBC can help to overcome these issues. In this paper, four different natural micro/nanoscale materials (halloysite, nanocrystalline cellulose, micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose) were tested as additives to commercial Simplex P bone cement preloaded with vancomycin. The influence of all four materials on the polymerization process was comprehensively studied, including the investigation of the maximum temperature of polymerization, setting time, and monomer leaching. The introduction of the natural additives led to a considerable enhancement of drug elution and microhardness in the composite bone cements compared to ALBC. The best combination of the polymerization rate, monomer leaching, antibiotic release, and microhardness was observed for the sample containing nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC).
近几十年来，载抗生素骨水泥（ALBC）已成为骨科手术中不可或缺的材料，这是因为它能够将药物输送到手术部位。它既用于预防感染（如在初次关节置换术中），也用于治疗感染（如在假体周围感染中）。然而，将抗生素引入聚合物基质会降低后者的机械强度。此外，大多数负载的抗生素仍嵌入聚合物中，不参与药物洗脱。在ALBC中加入各种添加剂有助于克服这些问题。在本文中，测试了四种不同的天然微米/纳米级材料（埃洛石、纳米晶纤维素、微纤化纤维素和纳米纤化纤维素）作为预载万古霉素的商用Simplex P骨水泥的添加剂。全面研究了这四种材料对聚合过程的影响，包括聚合最高温度、凝固时间和单体浸出的研究。与ALBC相比，天然添加剂的引入使复合骨水泥中的药物洗脱和显微硬度有了显著提高。对于含有纳米纤化纤维素（NFC）的样品，观察到聚合速率、单体浸出、抗生素释放和显微硬度的最佳组合。
