Bova Jake, Soghigian John, Paulson Sally
Department of Biology, Emory and Henry College, Emory, VA 24327, USA.
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
Insects. 2019 Jul 25;10(8):222. doi: 10.3390/insects10080222.
The genus is well known for its desiccation-resistant eggs, which frequently serve as an overwintering mechanism through diapause. Despite this, relatively little is known about the diapause and overwintering biology of most species including , an invasive mosquito in the United States. The importance of this mosquito in disease systems like La Crosse virus remain uncertain. Embryonic diapause is used by to survive temperate winters, and the persistence of this species in the Appalachian region is a result of overwintering, which has important implications for the transmission of this virus to humans. The objective of this study was to identify the prediapause stage, or the stage sensitive to environmental cues needed to induce diapause in this mosquito. By exposing each life stage independently to short-day photoperiods, we determined that the adult maternal life stage is the prediapause stage. Using the most recent phylogeny and prior literature on the prediapause stages in the genus , we were able to infer the evolutionary history of the prediapause stages of mosquitoes that overwinter or aestivate as eggs. This initial ancestral state reconstruction allowed us to hypothesize that Aedini mosquitoes that undergo obligate diapause may have evolved from those utilizing the embryonic prediapause stage, and that the ancestral prediapause state of Aedini appears to be maternally controlled.
该属以其抗干燥的卵而闻名，这些卵常常作为滞育的越冬机制。尽管如此，对于包括美国的入侵性蚊子在内的大多数该属物种的滞育和越冬生物学，人们了解得相对较少。这种蚊子在诸如拉克罗斯病毒等疾病系统中的重要性仍不确定。该属利用胚胎滞育来度过温带地区的冬季，并且该物种在阿巴拉契亚地区的持续存在是越冬的结果，这对该病毒向人类的传播具有重要意义。本研究的目的是确定滞育前阶段，即诱导这种蚊子滞育所需的对环境线索敏感的阶段。通过将该属的每个生命阶段独立暴露于短日照光周期下，我们确定成年母体生命阶段是滞育前阶段。利用该属滞育前阶段的最新系统发育和先前文献，我们能够推断出以卵越冬或夏眠的该属蚊子滞育前阶段的进化历史。这种初步的祖先状态重建使我们能够假设，经历 obligate 滞育的伊蚊可能是从利用胚胎滞育前阶段的伊蚊进化而来的，并且伊蚊的祖先滞育状态似乎是由母体控制的。
“obligate”这里可能是“专性的”之类意思，原文可能有拼写错误，推测是“obligatory” 。
