Pennsylvania State University, Department of Kinesiology, United States.
University of Western Ontario, Department of Psychology, United States.
J Sci Med Sport. 2019 Dec;22(12):1280-1286. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.07.003. Epub 2019 Jul 13.
Collegiate student-athletes often engage in health-risk behaviors such as alcohol misuse and hazing, but the literature in this domain lacks evidence pertaining to how peers shape attitudes towards such behaviors. We investigated how peer acceptance and social cohesion relate to attitudes towards alcohol use, marijuana use, drinking and driving, playing through a concussion, performance enhancing substance use, and hazing.
Cross-sectional survey.
Participants were 387 NCAA athletes from 23 intact teams. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the extent that health-risk attitudes clustered within teams and enabled us to disentangle individual-level and group-level effects of peer acceptance and social cohesion.
Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed that health-risk attitudes clustered within teams. At the individual-level, student-athletes who perceived higher levels of peer acceptance, relative to teammates, held riskier attitudes towards alcohol use, playing through a concussion, and hazing. Meanwhile, those who perceived higher levels of social cohesion relative to teammates held less risky attitudes towards playing through a concussion. At the group-level, teams with greater peer acceptance held less risky attitudes towards playing through a concussion, whereas teams with greater social cohesion held riskier attitudes toward playing through a concussion.
These data indicated that health-risk behaviors may cluster within teams, and that peer acceptance and cohesiveness are differentially associated with attitudes toward risky behavior. Given that peer influence is a multilevel phenomenon, it is prudent that prevention efforts leverage social processes within teams, while reducing pressures to engage in risky behaviors.
大学生运动员经常参与健康风险行为，如酗酒和欺凌，但该领域的文献缺乏关于同伴如何影响对这些行为的态度的证据。我们调查了同伴接受度和社会凝聚力与对饮酒、使用大麻、酒后驾车、脑震荡后继续比赛、使用兴奋剂和欺凌等行为的态度之间的关系。
横断面调查。
参与者为来自 23 个完整团队的 387 名 NCAA 运动员。采用多层次模型来检验健康风险态度在团队内部聚集的程度，并使我们能够区分同伴接受度和社会凝聚力的个体和群体效应。
组内相关系数显示健康风险态度在团队内部聚集。在个体层面上，与队友相比，感知到更高水平同伴接受度的运动员对饮酒、脑震荡后继续比赛和欺凌持更冒险的态度。而那些与队友相比感知到更高水平社会凝聚力的运动员对脑震荡后继续比赛持风险较低的态度。在群体层面上，同伴接受度较高的团队对脑震荡后继续比赛持风险较低的态度，而社会凝聚力较高的团队对脑震荡后继续比赛持风险较高的态度。
这些数据表明，健康风险行为可能在团队内部聚集，同伴接受度和凝聚力与冒险行为的态度有差异相关。由于同伴影响是一个多层次的现象，预防工作谨慎地利用团队内部的社会进程，同时减少参与冒险行为的压力是明智的。
