Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, New York, USA.
Sex Transm Infect. 2020 Mar;96(2):80-84. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2019-054093. Epub 2019 Jul 26.
Pregnant women in the Bronx were at risk for travel-related Zika exposure in the USA between 2016 and 2017. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 13 pregnant women to learn about their knowledge of Zika and prevention measures.
In the summer of 2017, pregnant women at risk of travel-related Zika exposure were interviewed in either Spanish or English to learn about their experiences and transcripts were analysed using a grounded theory approach.
Most participants were Latinas living in the Bronx, median age of 29 years and median household income between $26 000 and $50 000. Participants displayed a strong understanding of Zika transmission via mosquito bites yet lacked knowledge about its sexual transmission. Interviews revealed three key themes: (1) Zika as a new disease, (2) denial as a coping mechanism and (3) the recommendation to treat Zika as an STI. Women observed Zika as a brand new disease with early messages emphasising mosquito-borne transmission. They lacked awareness of newer messaging about sexual transmission. Furthermore, if women did read about risk of sexual transmission, many stated being in denial and struggling with recommendations to prevent sexual transmission. Barriers included problems changing travel plans and rejection of condom use. Women unanimously suggested labelling Zika as an STI and adding it to existing lists of STIs for messaging and outreach in community-based and clinical prevention.
Many pregnant women were unaware that Zika virus can be sexually transmitted due to: (1) novelty of Zika, (2) denial as a coping mechanism and (3) Zika not being listed along with well-known STIs. Overcoming these barriers via community-based as well as clinical education for pregnant women in the Bronx would be helpful in 2019 and beyond when the risk of travel-related Zika exposure remains a public health threat to optimal pregnancy outcomes.
2016 年至 2017 年期间，美国布朗克斯区的孕妇面临与旅行相关的寨卡病毒暴露风险。本定性研究探讨了 13 名孕妇的经历，以了解她们对寨卡病毒的认识和预防措施。
2017 年夏天，对有旅行相关寨卡病毒暴露风险的孕妇进行西班牙语或英语访谈，以了解她们的经历，并使用扎根理论方法对转录本进行分析。
大多数参与者是居住在布朗克斯区的拉丁裔，中位年龄 29 岁，家庭收入中位数在 26000 美元至 50000 美元之间。参与者对寨卡病毒通过蚊子叮咬传播有很强的认识，但对其性传播缺乏了解。访谈揭示了三个关键主题：（1）寨卡病毒是一种新疾病，（2）否认是一种应对机制，（3）建议将寨卡病毒视为性传播感染。女性将寨卡病毒视为一种全新的疾病，早期信息强调了蚊媒传播。她们没有意识到关于性传播的新信息。此外，如果女性确实读到了性传播的风险，许多人表示否认，并难以接受预防性传播的建议。障碍包括改变旅行计划的问题和对使用安全套的抵制。女性一致建议将寨卡病毒标记为性传播感染，并将其添加到现有的性传播感染清单中，以便在社区和临床预防中进行信息传播和外联。
许多孕妇由于以下原因不知道寨卡病毒可以通过性传播：（1）寨卡病毒的新颖性，（2）否认是一种应对机制，（3）寨卡病毒没有与众所周知的性传播感染一起列出。通过社区和临床教育来克服这些障碍，对于 2019 年及以后的孕妇是有帮助的，因为旅行相关的寨卡病毒暴露仍然是一个公共卫生威胁，会影响到最佳的妊娠结局。
