Leonard N. School of Business, New York University, United States.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2020 Jun;33:33-37. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.005. Epub 2019 Jun 28.
Magee and Smith (2013) theorized that asymmetric dependence creates asymmetric social distance in power relations, and that high-power individuals feel more distant than their low-power counterparts. I review research consistent with, and in some cases possibly inspired by, the social distance theory of power. Four findings emerge from the review. First, in dyadic relationships, the goals of the high-power partner are privileged over those of the low-power partner. Second, higher power reduces attunement and attention to others and also increases the tendency to objectify and dehumanize others. Third, power increases expressions of interpersonal dominance and aggression, particularly when the level of situational power diverges from expectations or norms. Fourth, greater power reduces the harmful psychological effects of social rejection. I conclude that social distance continues to be a useful factor to consider in making predictions and explaining the psychological effects of power.
麦基和史密斯（2013 年）认为，非对称依赖在权力关系中产生了非对称的社会距离，高权力个体比低权力个体感觉更疏远。我回顾了与权力的社会距离理论一致的、在某些情况下可能受到该理论启发的研究。综述得出了四个发现。首先，在二元关系中，高权力伙伴的目标优先于低权力伙伴的目标。其次，较高的权力会降低对他人的协调和关注，也会增加将他人客观化和非人化的倾向。第三，权力会增加人际支配和攻击的表现，尤其是当情境权力水平与预期或规范不符时。第四，更大的权力会降低社会排斥的有害心理影响。我得出结论，在进行预测和解释权力的心理影响时，社会距离仍然是一个有用的因素。
