Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
Curr Cardiol Rep. 2019 Jul 27;21(9):88. doi: 10.1007/s11886-019-1176-y.
To highlight dietary changes shown to be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events in epidemiological studies and that have been proven to be effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases in clinical trials RECENT FINDINGS: Since dietary changes always involve multiple variables, recent observational and intervention studies on dietary prevention of cardiovascular disease focus not only to the limitation of a single nutrient/food intake but also to the other dietary changes implemented to replace it. The available evidence supports three major dietary strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention: (1) the replacement of saturated fat with unsaturated fat and/or fiber-rich carbohydrate foods; (2) the reduction of salt intake; (3) the implementation of dietary patterns resembling the traditional Mediterranean diet. This support derives not only from RCTs but also from the combination of large observational cohort studies and relatively short-term randomized trials on cardiovascular risk factors.
为了突出在流行病学研究中显示与心血管事件风险降低相关的饮食变化，并证明在临床试验中能有效预防心血管疾病，我们最近发现：由于饮食变化总是涉及多个变量，最近关于饮食预防心血管疾病的观察性和干预性研究不仅关注单一营养素/食物摄入的限制，还关注为替代它而实施的其他饮食变化。现有的证据支持三种主要的心血管疾病预防饮食策略：（1）用不饱和脂肪和/或富含纤维的碳水化合物食物替代饱和脂肪；（2）减少盐的摄入；（3）实施类似于传统地中海饮食的饮食模式。这种支持不仅来自 RCT，还来自于对心血管危险因素的大型观察性队列研究和相对短期随机试验的综合分析。
