Department of Food and Nutrition/Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, General Post Office Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Nutrients. 2018 Dec 6;10(12):1935. doi: 10.3390/nu10121935.
Accumulating epidemiological and intervention evidence suggest that nut consumption is associated with reduced incidence of some cardiometabolic diseases. However, to date no review of meta-analyses of epidemiological and intervention studies has evaluated the effects of nut consumption on cardiometabolic disease. Design/Results: Electronic searches for meta-analyses of epidemiological and intervention studies were undertaken in PubMed/MEDLINE. Meta-analyses of prospective studies show that nut consumption appears to be associated with reduced all-cause mortality by 19⁻20% ( = 6), cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence (19%; = 3) and mortality (25%; = 3), coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence (20⁻34%; = 2) and mortality (27⁻30%; = 2) and stroke incidence (10⁻11%; = 7) and mortality (18%; = 2). No association between nut consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was observed in meta-analyses of prospective studies, whereas a decrease in fasting blood glucose ranging from 0.08 to 0.15 mmol/L was observed in 3 meta-analyses of intervention studies. In the interventions, nut consumption also had favorable effects on total cholesterol (0.021 to 0.28 mmol/L reduction from 8 meta-analyses of interventions) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.017 to 0.26 mmol/L reduction from 8 meta-analyses of interventions) and endothelial function (0.79 to 1.03% increase in flow-mediated dilation from 4 meta-analyses of interventions). Nut consumption did not significantly affect body weight. Nut consumption had no effect on inflammatory markers in intervention studies. The effect on blood pressure was inconsistent. A higher nut consumption was associated with a lower incidence of hypertension in prospective studies, while nut consumption did not improve blood pressure in intervention studies.
Nut consumption appeared to be associated with lower all-cause mortality and CVD and CHD mortality. There was no association between nut consumption and the incidence of T2DM although fasting blood glucose is decreased in intervention studies. In intervention studies nuts lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).
越来越多的流行病学和干预证据表明，坚果的摄入与一些心血管代谢疾病的发病率降低有关。然而，迄今为止，还没有对评估坚果摄入对心血管代谢疾病影响的流行病学和干预研究的荟萃分析进行综述。
设计/结果：在 PubMed/MEDLINE 中进行了针对流行病学和干预研究荟萃分析的电子检索。前瞻性研究的荟萃分析表明，坚果的摄入似乎与全因死亡率降低 19%-20%（=6）、心血管疾病（CVD）发病率（19%；=3）和死亡率（25%；=3）、冠心病（CHD）发病率（20%-34%；=2）和死亡率（27%-30%；=2）以及中风发病率（10%-11%；=7）和死亡率（18%；=2）相关。前瞻性研究的荟萃分析中没有观察到坚果摄入与 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）风险之间的关联，而在 3 项干预研究的荟萃分析中观察到空腹血糖降低 0.08-0.15mmol/L。在干预研究中，坚果的摄入也对总胆固醇（8 项干预研究的荟萃分析中有 0.021-0.28mmol/L 的降低）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（8 项干预研究的荟萃分析中有 0.017-0.26mmol/L 的降低）以及内皮功能（4 项干预研究的荟萃分析中有 0.79-1.03%的血流介导扩张增加）有有利影响。坚果的摄入对体重没有显著影响。干预研究中，坚果的摄入对炎症标志物没有影响。对血压的影响不一致。前瞻性研究中，较高的坚果摄入量与高血压发病率较低相关，而干预研究中坚果的摄入并不能改善血压。
坚果的摄入似乎与全因死亡率和 CVD 以及 CHD 死亡率降低有关。尽管干预研究中空腹血糖降低，但坚果的摄入与 T2DM 的发病率之间没有关联。在干预研究中，坚果可降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）。
