Regzedmaa Orgilmaa, Zhang Hongbing, Liu Hongyu, Chen Jun
Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China.
Onco Targets Ther. 2019 Jun 13;12:4605-4620. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S204577. eCollection 2019.
Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an estimated 2.1 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths in 2018. Although small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung cancer, it shows high response rates to chemotherapy in early lines of therapy. Unfortunately, it is associated with rapid recurrence and relatively poor prognosis. Over the last few years, considerable progress has been made in cancer immunotherapy. One of the most promising ways to activate therapeutic antitumor immunity is via blockade of immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1). Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise as SCLC therapeutics. The overall expectation for immuno-oncology is high, and the outcomes of trials will hopefully reveal a variety of treatment options for SCLC patients. In this review, we discuss the discovery of new immune inhibitory and stimulatory pathways and rational combination strategies to explain the role of immunotherapy in SCLC and its future opportunities and challenges.
肺癌是全球最常见的癌症，也是癌症死亡的主要原因，2018年估计有210万新发病例和180万例死亡。虽然小细胞肺癌（SCLC）是最具侵袭性的肺癌类型，但在早期治疗中对化疗表现出高反应率。不幸的是，它与快速复发和相对较差的预后相关。在过去几年中，癌症免疫治疗取得了相当大的进展。激活治疗性抗肿瘤免疫最有前景的方法之一是通过阻断免疫检查点，如细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4（CTLA-4）和程序性细胞死亡蛋白1/程序性细胞死亡配体1（PD-1/PD-L1）。免疫检查点抑制剂有望成为小细胞肺癌的治疗药物。免疫肿瘤学的总体期望很高，试验结果有望为小细胞肺癌患者揭示多种治疗选择。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了新的免疫抑制和刺激途径的发现以及合理的联合策略，以解释免疫治疗在小细胞肺癌中的作用及其未来的机遇和挑战。
