Definitive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for distal rectal cancer with early stage of cT1-2N0.

Patients with early-stage distal rectal cancer, if treated with radical surgery, usually suffer a poor quality of life. Definitive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy may be another treatment option for them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of definitive external beam radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in treating distal rectal cancer with stage cT1-2N0. We performed a retrospective study of 231 distal rectal cancer patients who were staged as cT1-2N0 from March 2002 to March 2015. All patients were treated by definitive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and short-term efficacy were analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore clinical factors significantly associated with PFS, local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) for the whole group. For the whole group, 135 patients (58.4%) achieved clinical complete response (cCR). The 5-year OS, PFS, and LRFS were 86.19%, 83.30%, and 92.50%, respectively. Patients with cCR acquired better survival than those with non-cCR. In multivariable analysis, it revealed that clinical stage, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA level) and concurrent chemotherapy were independent predictors of PFS. Definitive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy may be feasible in some early-stage distal rectal cancer regarding its favorable efficacy.