体育活动对自我概念的影响：青少年身体意象与身体自我概念中介作用的理论模型
Effect of Physical Activity on Self-Concept: Theoretical Model on the Mediation of Body Image and Physical Self-Concept in Adolescents.
作者信息
Fernández-Bustos Juan Gregorio, Infantes-Paniagua Álvaro, Cuevas Ricardo, Contreras Onofre Ricardo
机构信息
Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Physical Education, Faculty of Education of Albacete, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Physical Education, Faculty of Education of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2019 Jul 10;10:1537. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01537. eCollection 2019.
The aim of this research was to study the mediation of body dissatisfaction, physical self-concept, and body mass index (BMI) on the relationship between physical activity and self-concept in adolescents. A sample of 652 Spanish students between 12 and 17 years participated in a cross-sectional study. Physical self-concept and general self-concept were assessed with the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire (CAF), body dissatisfaction with the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and physical activity was estimated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). BMI was utilized as a measurement of body composition. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the results. The resulting models showed good fit indexes. Final model for all participants explained the 17% of the variance of body dissatisfaction, 57% of physical self-concept, and 60% of general self-concept. Physical activity had a positive and indirect effect on self-concept ( = 0.29, < 0.01) and direct effects on body dissatisfaction ( = -0.26, < 0.01) and physical self-concept ( = 0.20, < 0.01). BMI had a direct effect on body dissatisfaction ( = 0.31, < 0.01) and on physical self-concept ( = -0.10, < 0.01) and an indirect effect on general self-concept ( = -0.24, < 0.01). However, it was only associated with physical activity in males, playing a mediating role between physical activity and body dissatisfaction. Physical activity can help individuals to achieve a positive self-concept and promote psychological well-being in adolescents through the improvement of physical perceptions and body satisfaction. The importance of BMI, body dissatisfaction, and physical self-concept on the configuration of the self-concept is also emphasized. Educational policymakers and Physical Education teachers should implement strategies to promote physical activity in the schools and provide a Quality Physical Education programs to increase physical activity during adolescence.
本研究的目的是探讨身体不满意、身体自我概念和体重指数（BMI）在青少年身体活动与自我概念关系中的中介作用。652名年龄在12至17岁之间的西班牙学生参与了一项横断面研究。使用身体自我概念问卷（CAF）评估身体自我概念和一般自我概念，使用身体形状问卷（BSQ）评估身体不满意程度，并使用国际身体活动问卷（IPAQ-SF）估算身体活动情况。BMI被用作身体成分的测量指标。采用结构方程模型对结果进行评估。所得模型显示出良好的拟合指数。所有参与者的最终模型解释了身体不满意差异的17%、身体自我概念差异的57%和一般自我概念差异的60%。身体活动对自我概念有正向间接影响（β = 0.29，p < 0.01），对身体不满意有直接影响（β = -0.26，p < 0.01），对身体自我概念有直接影响（β = 0.20，p < 0.01）。BMI对身体不满意有直接影响（β = 0.31，p < 0.01），对身体自我概念有直接影响（β = -0.10，p < 0.01），对一般自我概念有间接影响（β = -0.24，p < 0.01）。然而，它仅在男性中与身体活动相关，在身体活动和身体不满意之间起中介作用。身体活动可以帮助个体获得积极的自我概念，并通过改善身体感知和身体满意度来促进青少年的心理健康。还强调了BMI、身体不满意和身体自我概念在自我概念形成中的重要性。教育政策制定者和体育教师应实施策略，在学校中促进身体活动，并提供高质量的体育教育课程，以增加青少年时期的身体活动。
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