Cho Hyun-Ju, Shan Yufei, Whittington Niteace C, Wray Susan
Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Jul 11;7:121. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00121. eCollection 2019.
The development of Gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH) neurons is important for a functional reproduction system in vertebrates. Disruption of GnRH results in hypogonadism and if accompanied by anosmia is termed Kallmann Syndrome (KS). From their origin in the nasal placode, GnRH neurons migrate along the olfactory-derived vomeronasal axons to the nasal forebrain junction and then turn caudally into the developing forebrain. Although research on the origin of GnRH neurons, their migration and genes associated with KS has identified multiple factors that influence development of this system, several aspects still remain unclear. This review discusses development of the olfactory system, factors that regulate GnRH neuron formation and development of the olfactory system, migration of the GnRH neurons from the nose into the brain, and mutations in humans with KS that result from disruption of normal GnRH/olfactory systems development.
促性腺激素释放激素-1（GnRH）神经元的发育对于脊椎动物功能性生殖系统至关重要。GnRH的破坏会导致性腺功能减退，若伴有嗅觉缺失则被称为卡尔曼综合征（KS）。GnRH神经元从鼻基板起源，沿着嗅觉衍生的犁鼻器轴突迁移至鼻前脑交界处，然后尾向转向发育中的前脑。尽管对GnRH神经元的起源、迁移以及与KS相关基因的研究已经确定了多个影响该系统发育的因素，但仍有几个方面尚不清楚。本综述讨论了嗅觉系统的发育、调节GnRH神经元形成和嗅觉系统发育的因素、GnRH神经元从鼻子向大脑的迁移，以及因正常GnRH/嗅觉系统发育中断导致的KS患者的突变情况。
