Department of Odontology, Clinical Oral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden.
J Oral Rehabil. 2020 Jan;47(1):27-35. doi: 10.1111/joor.12865. Epub 2019 Aug 23.
A functional integration between the jaw and neck regions during purposive jaw movements is well described in adults, but there is a lack of knowledge of such integration during jaw function in children.
To determine the movement integration between the jaw and neck during jaw motor tasks in 6-year-olds, whether there is a difference between children and adults.
Jaw and neck movements were recorded with an optoelectronic 3D system in 25 healthy 6-year-olds (12 girls, 13 boys) and 24 healthy adults (12 women, 12 men) during paced jaw opening-closing and self-paced gum chewing. Jaw and neck movement amplitudes, intra-individual variation in movement amplitude, ratio between neck-jaw movement amplitudes and movement cycle time were analysed. Differences between children and adults were evaluated with Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples.
Compared to adults, 6-year-old children showed larger neck movement amplitudes (P = .008) during chewing, higher intra-individual variability in amplitudes of jaw (P = .008) and neck (P = .001) movements, higher ratio between neck-jaw movement amplitudes for jaw opening-closing (P = .026) and chewing (P = .003), and longer jaw movement cycle time (P ≤ .0001) during the jaw opening-closing task.
Despite integrated jaw-neck movements in 6-year-old children, the movement pattern differs from that of adults and may be interpreted as an immature programming of jaw-neck motor behaviour. The well-integrated movements observed in adults most likely develop over years, perhaps into adolescence, and needs further research including well-controlled longitudinal studies to map this development in order to provide appropriate age-related clinical treatment for functional disorders.
在有目的的下颌运动中，下颌和颈部区域之间存在功能整合，这在成年人中得到了很好的描述，但对于儿童下颌功能中的这种整合知之甚少。
确定 6 岁儿童在进行下颌运动任务时下颌和颈部之间的运动整合情况，以及儿童和成人之间是否存在差异。
使用三维光电系统记录 25 名健康 6 岁儿童（12 名女孩，13 名男孩）和 24 名健康成年人（12 名女性，12 名男性）在节律性张口闭口和自主咀嚼时的下颌和颈部运动。分析了下颌和颈部运动幅度、运动幅度的个体内变异性、颈部-下颌运动幅度比和运动周期时间。采用独立样本 Mann-Whitney U 检验评估儿童和成人之间的差异。
与成年人相比，6 岁儿童在咀嚼时颈部运动幅度更大（P =.008），下颌（P =.008）和颈部（P =.001）运动幅度的个体内变异性更高，下颌张口闭口（P =.026）和咀嚼（P =.003）时颈部-下颌运动幅度比更高，下颌运动周期时间更长（P ≤.0001）。
尽管 6 岁儿童的下颌和颈部运动是整合的，但运动模式与成年人不同，可能被解释为下颌-颈部运动行为不成熟的编程。在成年人中观察到的协调运动很可能经过多年的发展，也许到青春期，需要进一步的研究，包括精心控制的纵向研究，以绘制这种发展的图谱，以便为功能障碍提供适当的与年龄相关的临床治疗。
