Suffolk University.
J Psychol. 2020;154(1):15-37. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2019.1642839. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Bystanders represent one major avenue for reducing the incidence and severity of social exclusion, yet little research has examined behavioral measurement of bystander intervention. Utilizing the most common low risk form of exclusion, this study examined how group membership impacts college students' behavioral response to a peer's social exclusion through an Internet-based ball tossing game ( = 121). Participants played the game with three other virtual players, in which two of these players excluded the third player. Results demonstrated increased inclusive behavior towards the excluded peer across study conditions. This inclusion was strengthened when the excluded player was in the participant's in-group. Participants displayed an initial preference for in-group members, although attitudes towards all peers improved after the shared activity. Findings point to the interaction of social norms of inclusion, group membership, and changes in familiarity in determining bystander responses to social exclusion. In low-risk exclusion, group membership maintains an impact but does not provide sufficient motivation to counteract the social norm of inclusivity. The implication of bystander actions for promotion of community and future research are discussed.
旁观者是减少社会排斥的发生率和严重程度的一个主要途径，但很少有研究检验过旁观者干预的行为测量。本研究利用最常见的低风险排斥形式，通过基于互联网的抛球游戏来检验群体成员身份如何影响大学生对同伴社会排斥的行为反应（n=121）。参与者与其他三个虚拟玩家一起玩游戏，其中两个玩家排斥第三个玩家。结果表明，在研究条件下，对被排斥的同伴的包容行为有所增加。当被排斥的玩家是参与者的同组时，这种包容得到了加强。参与者最初对同组成员表现出偏好，尽管在共同活动后，他们对所有同伴的态度都有所改善。研究结果表明，在决定对社会排斥的旁观者反应时，包容的社会规范、群体成员身份以及熟悉程度的变化相互作用。在低风险排斥中，群体成员身份仍然有影响，但不足以抵消包容的社会规范。讨论了旁观者行动对促进社区和未来研究的意义。
