School of Interdisciplinary Health and Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, Connecticut.
Quinnipiac University, School of Medicine, Hamden, Connecticut.
J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Oct;33(10):2641-2647. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003292.
Myrick, KM, Pallone, AS, Feinn, RS, Ford, KM, and Garbalosa, JC. Trunk muscle endurance, flexibility, stride foot balance, and contralateral trunk lean in collegiate baseball pitchers. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2641-2647, 2019-The incidence of shoulder and elbow injuries in baseball is increasing. The trunk is crucial to transmission of energy from lower limbs, achieving the largest angular momentum and torque during pitching, and controlling acceleration of the arm. Excessive contralateral trunk lean has been correlated with increased ball velocity and forces on the elbow. Underlying biomechanical causes contributing toward excessive lean have not been well described. Previous studies outlined the importance of trunk muscle strength and endurance. Understanding contributing factors associated with contralateral lean and pitch velocity may be helpful in pitching performance, informing strength and conditioning protocols, and preventing injuries. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between trunk muscle endurance and flexibility, and stride foot balance with contralateral lean during pitching. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Pitching motion analysis and functional assessments were obtained. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used. Average degree of contralateral lean was 2.33° (SD = 3.66). No statistically significant relationships were identified between trunk muscle endurance, flexibility, and stride foot balance with contralateral lean; moderate negative association between contralateral lean and pitch speed (B = -0.631, p = 0.175) was identified along with negative association of ipsilateral maximum trunk rotation (r = -0.108, p = 0.208) and ipsilateral side plank (r = -0.095, p = 0.194) with contralateral lean. Contralateral lean does not appear influenced by trunk muscle endurance, flexibility, or stride foot balance, and does not increase pitch velocity in high velocity pitchers. Future study is warranted to determine why contralateral lean exists at lower pitch velocities, and not at higher velocities.
迈里克，KM，帕隆，AS，费恩，RS，福特，KM 和加尔巴洛萨，JC。大学生棒球投手的躯干肌肉耐力、柔韧性、步幅足平衡和对侧躯干倾斜。J 力量与条件研究 33(10)：2641-2647，2019-棒球中肩部和肘部受伤的发生率正在增加。躯干对于从下肢传递能量、在投球时获得最大角动量和扭矩以及控制手臂加速至关重要。过度的对侧躯干倾斜与球速增加和肘部受力增加有关。导致过度倾斜的潜在生物力学原因尚未得到很好的描述。先前的研究强调了躯干肌肉力量和耐力的重要性。了解与对侧倾斜和投球速度相关的影响因素可能有助于提高投球表现，为力量和调节方案提供信息，并预防受伤。本研究旨在探讨躯干肌肉耐力和柔韧性与投球时步幅足平衡与对侧倾斜之间的相关性。显著性水平设置为 p < 0.05。获得了投球动作分析和功能评估。使用三维运动分析。平均对侧倾斜度为 2.33°（SD = 3.66）。躯干肌肉耐力、柔韧性和步幅足平衡与对侧倾斜之间未发现统计学上显著的相关性；对侧倾斜与投球速度之间存在中度负相关（B = -0.631，p = 0.175），同侧最大躯干旋转（r = -0.108，p = 0.208）和同侧侧板（r = -0.095，p = 0.194）与对侧倾斜呈负相关。对侧倾斜似乎不受躯干肌肉耐力、柔韧性或步幅足平衡的影响，并且在高速投手时不会增加投球速度。需要进一步研究以确定为什么对侧倾斜在较低的投球速度下存在，而在较高的速度下不存在。
