Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2019 Dec;270:103255. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103255. Epub 2019 Jul 27.
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT) was first discovered in the late 1940's as an endogenous bioactive amine capable of inducing vasoconstriction, and in the mid-1950's was found in the brain. It was in these early years that some of the first demonstrations were made regarding a role for brain 5-HT in neurological function and behavior, including data implicating reduced brain levels of 5-HT in clinical depression. Since that time, advances in molecular biology and physiological approaches in basic science research have intensely focused on 5-HT in the brain, and the many facets of its role during embryonic development, post-natal maturation, and neural function in adulthood continues to be established. This review focuses on what is known about the developmental roles for the 5-HT system, which we define as the neurons producing 5-HT along with pre-and post-synaptic receptors, in a vital homeostatic motor behavior - the control of breathing. We will cover what is known about the embryonic origins and fate specification of 5-HT neurons, and how the 5-HT system influences pre- and post-natal maturation of the ventilatory control system. In addition, we will focus on the role of the 5-HT system in specific respiratory behaviors during fetal, neonatal and postnatal development, and the relevance of dysfunction in this system in respiratory-related human pathologies including Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
血清素（5-羟色胺，5-HT）于 20 世纪 40 年代末首次被发现，它是一种内源性生物活性胺，能够引起血管收缩。到 20 世纪 50 年代中期，人们在大脑中发现了它的存在。就在这些早期，人们首次对大脑 5-HT 在神经功能和行为中的作用进行了一些初步的论证，包括表明临床抑郁症患者大脑中 5-HT 水平降低的相关数据。自那时以来，分子生物学和基础科学研究中的生理方法方面的进展，都将重点放在了大脑中的 5-HT 上，并且其在胚胎发育、出生后成熟和成年神经功能中的作用的许多方面仍在不断确立。本综述重点介绍了 5-HT 系统的发育作用，我们将 5-HT 系统定义为产生 5-HT 的神经元以及其前突触和后突触受体，该系统在至关重要的自主运动行为——呼吸控制中发挥着作用。我们将涵盖 5-HT 神经元的胚胎起源和命运特化，以及 5-HT 系统如何影响呼吸控制系统的产前和产后成熟。此外，我们将重点关注 5-HT 系统在胎儿、新生儿和产后发育期间特定呼吸行为中的作用，以及该系统在与呼吸相关的人类病理中的功能障碍的相关性，包括婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）。
