Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Environ Int. 2019 Oct;131:105044. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105044. Epub 2019 Jul 27.
The rapid progress in nanotechnology has dramatically promoted the application of engineered nanomaterials in numerous sectors. The wide application of nanomaterials and the potential accumulation in the environment sparked interest in studying the effects of nanomaterials on algae and plants. Hormesis is a dose response phenomenon characterized by a biphasic dose response with a low dose stimulation and a high dose inhibition. This paper quantifies for the first time nanomaterial-induced hormesis in algae and plants. Five hundred hormetic concentration-response relationships were mined from the published literature. The median maximum stimulatory response (MAX) was 123%, and commonly below 200%, of control response. It was also lower in algae than in plants, and occurred commonly at concentrations <100 mg L. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) to MAX ratio was 2.4 for algae and 1.7 for plants, and the two distributions differed significantly. Ag nanoparticles induced higher MAX than TiO and ZnO nanoparticles. The MAX varied upon nanomaterial application methods, growth stage of application (seed versus vegetative), type of endpoint and time window. While nanomaterial size did not affect significantly the MAX, sizes ≤50 nm appeared to have lower NOAEL:MAX ratio than sizes ≥100 nm, suggesting higher risks from incorrect application. The mechanisms underlying nanomaterial-induced hormetic concentration responses are discussed. This paper provides a strong foundation for enhancing research protocols of studies on nanomaterial effects on algae and plants as well as for incorporating hormesis into the risk assessment practices.
纳米技术的快速发展极大地促进了工程纳米材料在众多领域的应用。纳米材料的广泛应用和潜在的环境积累引起了人们对研究纳米材料对藻类和植物影响的兴趣。激效是一种剂量反应现象，其特征是双相剂量反应，低剂量刺激和高剂量抑制。本文首次定量研究了纳米材料对藻类和植物的激效。从已发表的文献中挖掘了 500 个纳米材料诱导的激效浓度-反应关系。中位最大刺激响应（MAX）为对照响应的 123%，通常低于 200%。在藻类中的 MAX 也低于植物中的 MAX，通常发生在浓度<100mg/L。藻类的最大无观察不良效应水平（NOAEL）与 MAX 的比值为 2.4，植物为 1.7，两个分布差异显著。Ag 纳米颗粒诱导的 MAX 高于 TiO 和 ZnO 纳米颗粒。MAX 随纳米材料的应用方法、应用的生长阶段（种子与营养体）、终点类型和时间窗口而变化。虽然纳米材料的尺寸对 MAX 没有显著影响，但尺寸≤50nm 的纳米材料的 NOAEL:MAX 比值似乎低于尺寸≥100nm 的纳米材料，这表明不正确的应用会带来更高的风险。讨论了纳米材料诱导的激效浓度反应的机制。本文为增强藻类和植物对纳米材料影响的研究方案以及将激效纳入风险评估实践提供了坚实的基础。
