Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan.
Environ Int. 2018 Nov;120:489-495. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.035. Epub 2018 Aug 24.
Veterinary and human pharmaceuticals have been widely used in the developed world, thus increasing their accumulation in the environment and thereby posing ecological risks. Earlier studies report that active pharmaceutical ingredients induce hormesis in plants, i.e. at low doses may enhance plant health whereas at high doses may suppress plant vigor. There is hitherto no study critically reviewing the effects of antibiotics on plants within a hormetic context despite effects of low doses on plants can have implications to animals, including humans, and to ecological processes. This study critically reviews for first time antibiotic-induced hormesis in plants, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Hormesis was induced by several antibiotics in a variety of species and endpoints. The maximum stimulatory response (MAX) was commonly <1.5-fold the control response and the distance from MAX to no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was commonly up to 10-fold. Further quantitative and qualitative evaluations are provided and discussed in relation to scientific and regulatory aspects. Low doses of antibiotics are equally important as high doses as they can negatively affect plants, depending on plant tissues and the time tissues are subject to exposure. Antibiotic-induced hormesis in plants provides a significant environmental perspective and should be incorporated into the hazard and risk assessment process.
Common antibiotics released in the environment induce hormesis in plants, urging for re-examination of the risk assessment practices by worldwide regulatory agencies.
兽医和人类药品在发达国家被广泛使用，从而增加了它们在环境中的积累，从而构成了生态风险。早期的研究报告称，活性药物成分会对植物产生激素作用，即低剂量可能会增强植物健康，而高剂量可能会抑制植物活力。尽管低剂量对包括人类在内的动物和生态过程可能会产生影响，但迄今为止，还没有研究在激素作用背景下批判性地评估抗生素对植物的影响。本研究首次对植物中的抗生素诱导激素作用进行了批判性的定量和定性评估。几种抗生素在多种物种和终点诱导了激素作用。最大刺激响应（MAX）通常小于对照响应的 1.5 倍，从 MAX 到无观察到不良效应水平（NOAEL）的距离通常可达 10 倍。进一步提供了定量和定性评估，并就科学和监管方面进行了讨论。低剂量的抗生素与高剂量的抗生素同样重要，因为它们会根据植物组织和组织暴露时间的不同而对植物产生负面影响。植物中的抗生素诱导激素作用提供了一个重要的环境视角，应该纳入到危害和风险评估过程中。
常见的在环境中释放的抗生素会在植物中引起激素作用，促使全世界的监管机构重新审查风险评估实践。
