Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG 36301-360, Brazil.
University of Nebraska, Nebraska Athletic Performance Laboratory, Lincoln, NE 68588-0171, USA.
Hum Mov Sci. 2019 Oct;67:102504. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.102504. Epub 2019 Jul 27.
Motor skill learning is a fundamental aspect of human behavior based on the calibration of internal models via sensory information such as proprioception. Some conditions, as exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), disrupt proprioceptive information, and may cause learning impairment. Such possible relation between EIMD and motor skill learning has not yet been investigated and it is the aim of this study. For this purpose, thirty male university students (19.3 ± 1.8 years) were equally assigned to two groups: EIMD and CON group. The EIMD group received a treatment to induce muscle damage consisting of a weight lifting protocol directed to the agonist muscles related to the task prior to the pretest and to the learning sessions. EIMD was verified and compared between groups and along the process (0-168 h) by means of the degree of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), perceived total quality recovery and maximal isometric strength (MIS). To investigate motor skill learning, both groups practiced a dart throwing task for four sessions with 150 trials in each session. Recovery status and DOMS were recovered at 96 h in the EIMD group, and MIS was not recovered throughout 168 h. In contrast, muscle damage parameters were not altered across 168 h in the CON group. Accuracy and consistency were compared within and between groups in a pretest posttest design. The EIMD group showed less accurate and consistent results on the long term (delayed posttest). Results confirmed our hypothesis that EIMD, a common condition in sports and in rehab practices, may hinder motor skill learning, possibly due to neurological aspects such as proprioceptive information, its relation to central nervous system reorganization and internal model consolidation.
运动技能学习是人类行为的一个基本方面，它基于通过本体感觉等感觉信息对内部模型进行校准。一些情况，如运动引起的肌肉损伤（EIMD），会破坏本体感觉信息，并可能导致学习障碍。EIMD 与运动技能学习之间的这种可能关系尚未得到研究，这是本研究的目的。为此，将 30 名男性大学生（19.3±1.8 岁）平均分配到 EIMD 组和 CON 组。EIMD 组接受了一项旨在诱导肌肉损伤的治疗，包括在预测试和学习阶段之前针对与任务相关的主动肌进行举重训练。通过迟发性肌肉酸痛（DOMS）、感知总恢复质量和最大等长强度（MIS），在组间和组内（0-168 小时）验证和比较 EIMD。为了研究运动技能学习，两组都进行了四次飞镖投掷练习，每次练习 150 次。EIMD 组在 96 小时内恢复了运动技能学习，而 MIS 在 168 小时内未恢复。相比之下，CON 组在 168 小时内肌肉损伤参数没有变化。在预测试后测试设计中，在组内和组间比较了准确性和一致性。EIMD 组在长期（延迟后测试）表现出准确性和一致性较差的结果。结果证实了我们的假设，即 EIMD，一种在运动和康复实践中常见的情况，可能会阻碍运动技能学习，可能是由于神经方面的原因，如本体感觉信息，它与中枢神经系统重组和内部模型整合的关系。
