University of Oxford, UK.
7482Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
J Intellect Disabil. 2021 Mar;25(1):114-130. doi: 10.1177/1744629519864772. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Attachment difficulties are associated with a range of adverse outcomes in mental health, and people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) may be at greater risk of experiencing difficulties in their attachment relationships. This review critically evaluated recent research measuring the prevalence of attachment difficulties in people with ID. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, and a higher prevalence of insecure and disorganized attachment classifications, and symptoms of attachment disorder, was found across a number of subgroups of people with diagnoses of ID. However, the validity and reliability of measures of attachment have not been empirically established in this population, and control groups were not always appropriate. These findings indicate the need to (1) develop reliable and standardized assessments of attachment for people with ID and (2) evaluate the efficacy of attachment-based interventions in relation to reducing psychological distress, mental health problems and expression of behaviours experienced by others as challenging.
依恋困难与心理健康的一系列不良后果有关，而智力残疾（ID）者可能更容易在他们的依恋关系中遇到困难。本综述批判性地评估了最近研究中测量 ID 者依恋困难的患病率。八项研究符合纳入标准，在许多 ID 诊断亚组中发现了不安全和组织不良的依恋分类以及依恋障碍症状的更高患病率。然而，在这一人群中，依恋测量的有效性和可靠性尚未得到实证支持，而且对照组并不总是合适的。这些发现表明需要：（1）为 ID 者开发可靠和标准化的依恋评估工具，以及（2）评估基于依恋的干预措施在减少心理困扰、心理健康问题以及减少他人认为具有挑战性的行为表达方面的效果。
