CIBIO-Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
J Mol Evol. 2020 Jan;88(1):77-87. doi: 10.1007/s00239-019-09902-7. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Skin pigmentation is a complex, conspicuous, highly variable human trait that exhibits a remarkable correlation with latitude. The evolutionary history and genetic basis of skin color variation has been the subject of intense research in the last years. This article reviews the major hypotheses explaining skin color diversity and explores the implications of recent findings about the genes associated with skin pigmentation for understanding the evolutionary forces that have shaped the current patterns of skin color variation. A major aspect of these findings is that the genetic basis of skin color is less simple than previously thought and that geographic variation in skin pigmentation was influenced by the concerted action of different types of natural selection, rather than just by selective sweeps in a few key genes.
皮肤色素沉着是一种复杂、明显、高度可变的人类特征，与纬度有显著的相关性。近年来，皮肤颜色变化的进化历史和遗传基础一直是激烈研究的主题。本文综述了主要的假说，解释了皮肤颜色的多样性，并探讨了与皮肤色素沉着相关的基因的最新发现对理解塑造当前皮肤颜色变化模式的进化力量的意义。这些发现的一个主要方面是，皮肤颜色的遗传基础比以前想象的要复杂得多，而且皮肤色素沉着的地理变异是由不同类型的自然选择的协同作用而不是仅仅由少数关键基因的选择压力造成的。
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