Koegler Erica, Preble Kathleen M, Cimino Andrea N, Stevens Jordan E, Diehl Sue
University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA.
University of Missouri-Columbia, USA.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2020 Feb;64(2-3):232-248. doi: 10.1177/0306624X19866115. Epub 2019 Jul 31.
Street-based sex work is criminalized throughout much of the U.S. Diversion programs have shown mixed results. This study examined the effect a quasi-experimental intervention (prostitution diversion program, = 149) had on prostitution rearrest compared with a waitlist control group ( = 77) among = 226 individuals arrested for prostitution in Baltimore. In both groups, = 64 (28.32%) were rearrested for prostitution over 30 months. Tests of differences compared groups with a significant difference in gender only. A Cox proportional hazard model examined differences in survival time (to recidivist prostitution arrest) between individuals in the control and intervention groups at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months. Results indicate that participation in the intervention did not have a significant effect on decreasing prostitution arrests over time. History of prior prostitution arrest was a significant predictor (hazard ration [HR] = 1.12, = .02) of rearrest.Lack of program success suggests that barriers to exiting prostitution are substantial, despite availability of supportive services, and that diversion programs may not be the best intervention strategy for all sex workers. Future research should identify motivators for exiting and how to reduce exiting barriers.
在美国大部分地区，街头性工作被认定为犯罪行为。分流项目的效果参差不齐。本研究调查了一项准实验性干预措施（卖淫分流项目，n = 149）与候补对照组（n = 77）相比，对巴尔的摩226名因卖淫被捕者再次被捕情况的影响。在这两组中，64人（28.32%）在30个月内因卖淫再次被捕。差异检验仅比较了性别存在显著差异的组。Cox比例风险模型检验了对照组和干预组个体在6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月和30个月时再次因卖淫被捕（累犯）的生存时间差异。结果表明，随着时间推移，参与干预措施对减少卖淫被捕情况没有显著影响。之前有卖淫被捕记录是再次被捕的一个显著预测因素（风险比[HR] = 1.12，p = .02）。项目未取得成功表明，尽管有支持性服务，但脱离卖淫行业的障碍仍然很大，而且分流项目可能并非对所有性工作者都是最佳干预策略。未来的研究应确定脱离卖淫行业的动机以及如何减少脱离障碍。
