Centre for Sports Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia.
Department of Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia.
Sports Biomech. 2021 Dec;20(8):974-984. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1630478. Epub 2019 Jul 31.
The present study aimed to identify movement patterns most related to running performance among highly trained middle-distance runners. Eleven male runners performed overground running trials on an indoor running track, and three-dimensional analyses techniques were used to measure running kinematics and kinetics. Performance was measured as season and personal best time over 1500 m. The average velocity during the running trials was 7.2 ± 0.3 m/s. The average season and personal best 1500 m race times were 3:49.7 ± 0:05.8 and 3:46.0 ± 0:08.3 minutes, respectively. Regression analysis revealed that a smaller range of sagittal-plane hip motion during swing, less thorax flexion at toe-off and a smaller ankle plantarflexion angle at contact accounted for 95.7% ( < 0.001) of the variation in season best running performance. Less sagittal-plane hip motion during swing and a smaller ankle plantarflexion angle at contact also explained 79% of the variance in personal best time. Slower middle-distance runners make initial ground contact with a more plantarflexed ankle and greater forward lean of the trunk. We recommend that coaches and runners pay attention to ankle, shank and thorax angles during technical development and training to identify opportunities to optimise middle-distance running mechanics and performance.
本研究旨在确定与高水平中长跑运动员的跑步表现最相关的运动模式。11 名男性跑步者在室内跑道上进行了地面跑步试验，使用三维分析技术来测量跑步运动学和动力学。表现以 1500 米赛季和个人最佳成绩来衡量。跑步试验的平均速度为 7.2 ± 0.3 m/s。平均赛季和个人最佳 1500 米比赛时间分别为 3:49.7 ± 0:05.8 和 3:46.0 ± 0:08.3 分钟。回归分析显示，摆动时矢状面髋关节运动范围较小、脚趾离地时胸廓前屈较小以及接触时踝关节跖屈角度较小，分别占赛季最佳跑步表现变化的 95.7%（<0.001）。摆动时矢状面髋关节运动范围较小和接触时踝关节跖屈角度较小也解释了个人最佳时间变化的 79%。较慢的中长跑运动员初始触地时踝关节跖屈角度更大，躯干前倾角度更大。我们建议教练和跑步者在技术发展和训练中注意踝关节、小腿和胸廓角度，以确定优化中长跑力学和表现的机会。
