Rakowski W
Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.
Public Health Rep. 1988 Jul-Aug;103(4):376-86.
Health promotion-disease prevention programs share with health behavior research the common objective of identifying population subgroups toward whom services can be targeted. For this report, six age-sex groups were examined to determine similarities and differences in the predictors of eight health practice indices. Data were from the 1979 National Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences. Results showed very little similarity of predictors across the three age cohorts (20-34, 35-49, 50-64), between men and women, and among the six age-sex groups. No predictor achieved significance consistently for several health practices in any of the six groups, although years of education made the best showing. The lack of overlap among predictors helps to explain why health promotion messages and recruitment strategies may not appeal to as diverse an audience as initially intended. Possible explanations for the absence of similar predictors include differences in the nature of the various practices themselves, absence of data on intentions behind a person's behavior, and the "over-determined" character of an individual person's behavior.
健康促进-疾病预防项目与健康行为研究有着共同的目标，即确定可以针对其提供服务的人群亚组。在本报告中，研究了六个年龄-性别组，以确定八项健康行为指标预测因素中的异同。数据来自1979年全国个人健康行为及后果调查。结果显示，在三个年龄组（20-34岁、35-49岁、50-64岁）之间、男性与女性之间以及六个年龄-性别组之间，预测因素的相似性非常低。在六个组中的任何一组中，没有任何一个预测因素能在几种健康行为中始终具有显著性，尽管受教育年限表现最佳。预测因素之间缺乏重叠有助于解释为什么健康促进信息和招募策略可能无法吸引到最初预期的那么广泛的受众。预测因素缺乏相似性的可能解释包括各种行为本身性质的差异、缺乏关于个人行为背后意图的数据以及个人行为的“过度决定”特征。
