Beiko Darren, Honey R John D'A, Pace Kenneth T, Denstedt John D, Razvi Hassan, Hosking Denis H, Norman Richard W, Wilson James W L
Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Can Urol Assoc J. 2020 Feb;14(2):12-16. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.5747. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
Following the introduction of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), the subspecialty of endourology was born in the late 1970s. The purpose of this study was to report milestones in Canadian endourology, highlighting Canada's contributions to the field.
A review of the literature was performed from the late 1970s to the present. The literature review included bibliographic and digital resources. Additionally, records and recollections by various individuals were used, including some who were directly involved.
Endourology was born in Canada when SWL, URS, and PCNL emerged as minimally invasive treatment options for stones in the early to mid-1980s. According to our research, the first PCNL was performed at the University of Toronto in 1981. Dr. Joachim Burhenne, a Harvard-trained radiologist from Germany, first used extracorporeal SWL in Canada at the University of British Columbia (UBC) for the treatment of biliary stones. Treatment for urinary tract stones followed at UBC and Dalhousie University. The first worldwide use of the holmium laser for lithotripsy of urinary tract calculi took place at the University of Western Ontario. Other endourology milestones in Canada include the formation of the Canadian Endourology Group and the emergence of the Endourological Society-accredited fellowship programs at the University of Toronto and Western University in the 1990s. Canada hosted the 21 and 35 World Congress of Endourology and Shock Wave Lithotripsy annual meeting in Montreal and Vancouver, respectively.
Canadian urologists have led many advances in SWL, URS, and PCNL over the past four decades and, for a relatively small community, have made significant contributions to the field. Through the training of the next generation of endourologists at Canadian institutions, the future of endourology in Canada is bright.
随着冲击波碎石术（SWL）、输尿管镜检查术（URS）和经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）的引入，腔内泌尿外科这一亚专业于20世纪70年代末诞生。本研究的目的是报告加拿大腔内泌尿外科的里程碑事件，突出加拿大对该领域的贡献。
对20世纪70年代末至今的文献进行了回顾。文献回顾包括书目和数字资源。此外，还利用了不同个人的记录和回忆，包括一些直接参与其中的人。
20世纪80年代初至中期，SWL、URS和PCNL作为结石的微创治疗选择出现时，腔内泌尿外科在加拿大诞生。根据我们的研究，第一例PCNL于1981年在多伦多大学进行。来自德国、在哈佛接受培训的放射科医生约阿希姆·布尔亨内博士首次在加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学（UBC）使用体外SWL治疗胆结石。随后，UBC和达尔豪斯大学开始治疗尿路结石。第一台钬激光在全球范围内用于尿路结石碎石术是在西安大略大学。加拿大腔内泌尿外科的其他里程碑事件包括加拿大腔内泌尿外科小组的成立，以及20世纪90年代在多伦多大学和韦仕敦大学出现的经腔内泌尿外科协会认证的 fellowship 项目。加拿大分别在蒙特利尔和温哥华主办了第21届和第35届腔内泌尿外科和冲击波碎石术世界大会年会。
在过去的四十年里，加拿大泌尿外科医生在SWL、URS和PCNL方面取得了许多进展，并且对于一个相对较小的群体而言，为该领域做出了重大贡献。通过在加拿大机构培训下一代腔内泌尿外科医生，加拿大腔内泌尿外科的未来一片光明。
