Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA.
Kentucky Administrative Office of the Courts, Frankfort, KY, USA.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2020 Sep;64(12):1236-1257. doi: 10.1177/0306624X19866130. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
Opioid use and abuse, as well as criminal justice involvement, have increased dramatically in the past two decades. Drug court is a community-based rehabilitation program for individuals with substance abuse issues involved in the criminal justice system. Given unique treatment needs associated with opioids, the current study examined predisposing factors and program performance indicators associated with drug court completion based on individuals' opioid preference. Secondary data (i.e., participant assessment and drug court Management Information System) as well as conviction information from a statewide database were examined for a sample of drug court participants ( = 534). Data analyses compared opioid-preferring ( = 267) and non-opioid-preferring ( = 267) program participants. For non-opioid-preferring participants, a combination of predisposing characteristics, including both social/demographic characteristics and substance use (i.e., education, drug court site, lifetime benzodiazepine use), as well as program performance indicators (i.e., number of days in drug court, number of positive drug tests, and sanctions/therapeutic responses) influenced drug court completion. For opioid-preferring participants, only program performance indicators emerged as important for program completion, specifically number of days in drug court, number of positive drug tests, and sanctions/therapeutic responses. Findings for non-opioid-preferring participants are consistent with past research, suggesting that individual predisposing characteristics and program performance indicators are influential on program completion. However, findings suggesting that program performance indicators are influential for opioid-preferring participants adds a unique contribution to the literature. This information may help provide more individualized program planning and ultimately more programmatic success.
在过去的二十年中，阿片类药物的使用和滥用以及刑事司法涉入急剧增加。毒品法庭是一个基于社区的康复计划，针对涉及刑事司法系统的药物滥用问题的个人。鉴于与阿片类药物相关的独特治疗需求，本研究根据个人的阿片类药物偏好，检查了与药物法庭完成相关的促成因素和计划绩效指标。对药物法庭参与者（n=534）的二次数据（即参与者评估和药物法庭管理信息系统）以及来自全州数据库的定罪信息进行了分析。数据分析比较了阿片类药物偏好者（n=267）和非阿片类药物偏好者（n=267）的方案参与者。对于非阿片类药物偏好者，一系列促成因素，包括社会/人口统计学特征和药物使用（即教育、药物法庭地点、终身苯二氮卓类药物使用），以及计划绩效指标（即药物法庭天数、药物检测阳性次数和制裁/治疗反应），影响了药物法庭的完成。对于阿片类药物偏好者，只有计划绩效指标对计划完成很重要，具体来说是药物法庭天数、药物检测阳性次数和制裁/治疗反应。非阿片类药物偏好者的研究结果与以往研究一致，表明个体促成因素和计划绩效指标对计划完成有影响。然而，研究结果表明，计划绩效指标对阿片类药物偏好者有影响，这为文献增添了独特的贡献。这些信息可能有助于提供更个性化的方案规划，并最终实现更多的方案成功。
