García Gómez-Heras Soledad, Largo Carlota, Larrea Jose Luis, Vega-Clemente Luz, Calderón Flores Miguel, Ruiz-Pérez Daniel, García-Olmo Damián, García-Arranz Mariano
Human Histology and Pathology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
PeerJ. 2019 Jul 22;7:e7160. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7160. eCollection 2019.
Myocardial infarction has been carefully studied in numerous experimental models. Most of these models are based on electrophysiological and functional data, and pay less attention to histological discoveries. During the last decade, treatment using advanced therapies, mainly cell therapy, has prevailed from among all the options to be studied for treating myocardial infarction. In our study we wanted to show the fundamental histological parameters to be evaluated during the development of an infarction on an experimental model as well as treatment with mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue applied intra-lesionally. The fundamental parameters to study in infarcted tissue at the histological level are the cells involved in the inflammatory process (lymphocytes, macrophages and M2, neutrophils, mast cells and plasma cells), neovascularization processes (capillaries and arterioles) and cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes and Purkinje fibers). In our study, we used intramyocardial injection of mesenchymal stem cells into the myocardial infarction area 1 hour after arterial occlusion and allowed 1 month of evolution before analyzing the modifications on the normal tissue inflammatory infiltrate. Acute inflammation was shortened, leading to chronic inflammation with abundant plasma cells and mast cells and complete disappearance of neutrophils. Another benefit was an increase in the number of vessels formed. Cardiomyocytes and Purkinje fibers were better conserved, both from a structural and metabolic point of view, possibly leading to reduced morbidity in the long term. With this study we present the main histological aspects to be evaluated in future assays, complementing or explaining the electrophysiological and functional findings.
心肌梗死已在众多实验模型中得到了深入研究。这些模型大多基于电生理和功能数据，而对组织学发现的关注较少。在过去十年中，在所有用于治疗心肌梗死的研究选项中，使用先进疗法（主要是细胞疗法）的治疗方法占了上风。在我们的研究中，我们希望展示在实验模型上心肌梗死发展过程中以及采用病变内注射脂肪组织来源的间充质干细胞进行治疗时需要评估的基本组织学参数。在组织学水平上，梗死组织中需要研究的基本参数包括参与炎症过程的细胞（淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和M2、中性粒细胞、肥大细胞和浆细胞）、新生血管形成过程（毛细血管和小动脉）以及心脏细胞（心肌细胞和浦肯野纤维）。在我们的研究中，我们在动脉闭塞1小时后将间充质干细胞心肌内注射到心肌梗死区域，并在分析正常组织炎症浸润的变化之前让其发展1个月。急性炎症缩短，导致慢性炎症，出现大量浆细胞和肥大细胞，中性粒细胞完全消失。另一个好处是形成的血管数量增加。从结构和代谢角度来看，心肌细胞和浦肯野纤维得到了更好的保存，这可能会导致长期发病率降低。通过这项研究，我们展示了未来检测中需要评估的主要组织学方面，对电生理和功能研究结果进行补充或解释。
