Di Yang-Zi, Han Bo-Sheng, Di Jun-Mao, Liu Wei-Yan, Tang Qiang
Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China.
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 443000, Hubei Province, China.
World J Clin Cases. 2019 Jul 6;7(13):1554-1570. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i13.1554.
Several studies have largely focused on the significant role of the nervous and immune systems in the process of tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The brain-gut-axis is a new paradigm in neuroscience, which describes the biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system. This axis may play a critical role in the tumorigenesis and development of GI cancers. Mechanistically, the bidirectional signal transmission of the brain-gut-axis is complex and remains to be elucidated. In this article, we review the current findings concerning the relationship between the brain-gut axis and GI cancer cells, focusing on the significant role of the brain-gut axis in the processes of tumor proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, and metastasis. It appears that the brain might modulate GI cancer by two pathways: the anatomical nerve pathway and the neuroendocrine route. The simulation and inactivation of the central nervous, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems, or changes in the innervation of the GI tract might contribute to a higher incidence of GI cancers. In addition, neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors can produce stimulatory or inhibitory effects in the progression of GI cancers. Insights into these mechanisms may lead to the discovery of potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.
多项研究主要聚焦于神经和免疫系统在肿瘤发生过程中的重要作用，包括肿瘤生长、增殖、凋亡和转移。脑-肠轴是神经科学中的一个新范例，它描述了胃肠道（GI）与中枢神经系统之间的生化信号传导。该轴可能在胃肠道癌症的发生和发展中起关键作用。从机制上讲，脑-肠轴的双向信号传递很复杂，仍有待阐明。在本文中，我们综述了目前关于脑-肠轴与胃肠道癌细胞之间关系的研究结果，重点关注脑-肠轴在肿瘤增殖、侵袭、凋亡、自噬和转移过程中的重要作用。似乎大脑可能通过两条途径调节胃肠道癌症：解剖学神经途径和神经内分泌途径。中枢神经、交感神经和副交感神经系统的模拟和失活，或胃肠道神经支配的变化可能导致胃肠道癌症的发病率更高。此外，神经递质和神经营养因子在胃肠道癌症的进展中可产生刺激或抑制作用。对这些机制的深入了解可能会导致发现潜在的预后和治疗靶点。
