University of Illinois at Chicago, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine.
University of Michigan, College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor.
Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Aug 1;69(Suppl 1):S16-S22. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz309.
Oral and intravenous (IV) omadacycline formulations are approved in the United States for treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults. Oral omadacycline bioavailability is 34.5%; similar exposures are obtained following 300 mg oral and 100 mg IV doses. Oral administration should be in a fasted state, with dairy products, antacids, or multivitamins avoided for ≥4 hours after dosing. Low protein binding (21%), large volume of distribution (190 L), low systemic clearance (10 L/hour), and long elimination half-life (16-17 hours) support once-daily dosing. Omadacycline is excreted unchanged in feces (81.1%) and urine (14.4%), with low potential for drug-drug interactions. Dose adjustments are unnecessary for age, sex, and renal or hepatic impairment. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies identify fAUC0-24/MIC ratio as the parameter that correlates with in vivo efficacy. Systemic exposure of omadacycline in epithelial lining fluid is greater than/equal to plasma concentrations in healthy adults.
口服和静脉(IV)奥马环素制剂已获美国批准,用于治疗成人急性细菌性皮肤和皮肤结构感染和社区获得性细菌性肺炎。口服奥马环素的生物利用度为 34.5%;口服 300mg 和静脉 100mg 剂量后,可获得相似的暴露量。口服给药应在空腹状态下进行,在给药后≥4 小时内应避免食用乳制品、抗酸剂或多种维生素。低蛋白结合率(21%)、大分布容积(190L)、低全身清除率(10L/小时)和长消除半衰期(16-17 小时)支持每日一次给药。奥马环素以原形经粪便(81.1%)和尿液(14.4%)排泄,药物相互作用的潜力低。奥马环素的剂量调整与年龄、性别、肾功能或肝功能损害无关。药代动力学-药效学研究确定 AUC0-24/MIC 比值与体内疗效相关。在健康成年人中,上皮衬液中的奥马环素系统暴露量大于/等于血浆浓度。