电影渲染技术在 CT 评估上尿路尿路上皮肿瘤中的应用：原则与实践。
The application of cinematic rendering to CT evaluation of upper tract urothelial tumors: principles and practice.
机构信息
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
出版信息
Abdom Radiol (NY). 2019 Dec;44(12):3886-3892. doi: 10.1007/s00261-019-02154-5.
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively uncommon but aggressive genitourinary malignancy for which multi-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in evaluation and staging. 3D imaging with maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume-rendered (VR) images has been described as a useful means of evaluating UTUC. In this study, we describe the technique of a novel 3D methodology known as cinematic rendering (CR) and provide clinical examples of UTUC visualized with CR. CR utilizes a complex universal lighting model in order to create photorealistic images with improved detail and depth in comparison to MIP or VR images. In the case of UTUC, CR can be used in different contrast phases to show abnormally thickened and enhancing urothelium or filling defects in the renal collecting system or ureters in the excretory phase. CR images can also be manipulated in order to generate translucent views of the upper urinary tract in order to add conspicuity to intraluminal findings.
上尿路尿路上皮癌（UTUC）是一种相对罕见但具有侵袭性的泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤，多期增强 CT 检查在评估和分期中发挥着重要作用。最大强度投影（MIP）和容积再现（VR）的 3D 成像已被描述为评估 UTUC 的一种有用方法。在本研究中，我们描述了一种称为电影渲染（CR）的新型 3D 方法的技术，并提供了使用 CR 可视化 UTUC 的临床实例。CR 利用复杂的通用照明模型，可生成比 MIP 或 VR 图像具有更高细节和深度的逼真图像。在 UTUC 的情况下，CR 可在不同的对比相中使用，以显示排泄期肾盂或输尿管中异常增厚和增强的尿路上皮或充盈缺损。CR 图像还可以进行操作，以生成上尿路的半透明视图，从而增加管腔内发现的显著性。
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