Non-reciprocal wave phenomena in energy self-reliant gyric metamaterials.

This work presents a mechanism by which non-reciprocal wave transmission is achieved in a class of gyric metamaterial lattices with embedded rotating elements. A modulation of the device's angular momentum is obtained via prescribed rotations of a set of locally housed spinning motors and is then used to induce space-periodic, time-periodic, as well as space-time-periodic variations, which influence wave propagation in distinct ways. Owing to their dependence on gyroscopic effects, such systems are able to break reciprocal wave symmetry without stiffness perturbations rendering them consistently stable as well as energy self-reliant. Dispersion patterns, band gap emergence, as well as non-reciprocal wave transmission in the space-time-periodic gyric metamaterials are predicted both analytically from the gyroscopic system dynamics as well as numerically via time-dependent full wave simulations. In addition to breaking reciprocity, the authors show that the energy content of a frictionless gyric metamaterial is conserved over one temporal modulation cycle enabling it to exhibit a stable response irrespective of the pumping frequency.