Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, 71-004 Szczecin, Poland.
Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 11;16(14):2463. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142463.
: Health behaviors are associated with a healthy lifestyle, in which relative possibilities of choice play an important part. Athletes are a group of people who should particularly endeavor to have a health-oriented lifestyle. It is believed that combat sports (CS) and martial arts (MA) have an especially significant educational potential, connected with several desirable values which provide positive patterns of health behaviors. The aim of the work was to assess the intensity of health behaviors in athletes who practiced CS and MA in relation to the length of their training history, their age, sex, place of residence, education level, and financial situation. : The research involved 441 men and women who practiced boxing (B), Brazilian ju-jitsu (BJJ), karate (K), mixed martial arts (MMA) and Muay Thai (MT). The average age of the subjects was 24.68 ± 8.24 years. The standardized Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) questionnaire and another questionnaire for a lifestyle survey were applied. Individual behaviors covered four areas: Correct eating habits (CEH), preventive behaviors (PB), positive mental attitude (PMA), and health practices (HP). The one-way analysis of variance (F-test) for independent groups was used (ANOVA). The effect size was calculated with Hedge's g for Student's t-test, and with Cramér's V for the χ test. The value of ≤ 0.05 was assumed to be statistically significant. : CS and MA athletes presented a moderate level of health behaviors. The greater intensity of health behaviors (HBI and its categories) was found among B, K and MMA athletes, and the smaller among those who practiced MT. Correct eating habits (CEH) were characteristic of subjects who practiced every day and whose length of training history was 4-8 years. Greater intensity of preventive behaviors (PB) was observed among individuals aged under-19 years, who still studied. Greater intensity of health practices (HP) was found among those who exercised every day. Influence of financial situation was observed in relations to PMA. : It seems that the existing educational potential of CS and MA was not fully realized in the studied population. Determining the place of health in the system of values of CS and MA athletes may be the basis for predicting health behaviors and developing health education programs.
健康行为与健康的生活方式有关，其中相对的选择可能性起着重要作用。运动员是一群特别应该努力拥有健康生活方式的人。人们认为，格斗运动（CS）和武术（MA）具有特别重要的教育潜力，与几个理想的价值观相关联，这些价值观提供了健康行为的积极模式。本工作的目的是评估从事 CS 和 MA 的运动员的健康行为强度与其训练历史长度、年龄、性别、居住地、教育水平和财务状况的关系。
研究涉及 441 名从事拳击（B）、巴西柔术（BJJ）、空手道（K）、综合格斗（MMA）和泰拳（MT）的男女运动员。受试者的平均年龄为 24.68 ± 8.24 岁。应用标准化健康行为量表（HBI）问卷和另一份生活方式调查问卷。个体行为涵盖四个方面：正确饮食习惯（CEH）、预防行为（PB）、积极的心态（PMA）和健康实践（HP）。采用独立组的单因素方差分析（F 检验）（ANOVA）。使用学生 t 检验的 Hedge'g 计算效应量，使用 χ 检验的 Cramér'V 计算效应量。假设 ≤ 0.05 为统计学显著。
CS 和 MA 运动员表现出中等水平的健康行为。在 B、K 和 MMA 运动员中发现健康行为（HBI 及其类别）的强度更高，而在 MT 运动员中则更低。每天练习且训练历史 4-8 年的受试者具有正确饮食习惯（CEH）的特征。19 岁以下仍在学习的个体表现出更强的预防行为（PB）强度。每天锻炼的人发现健康实践（HP）的强度更高。财务状况的影响在 PMA 方面表现出来。
似乎 CS 和 MA 现有的教育潜力在研究人群中没有得到充分实现。确定 CS 和 MA 运动员价值观体系中健康的地位可能是预测健康行为和制定健康教育计划的基础。
