Larson E W, Richelson E
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1988 Sep;63(9):906-12. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62694-9.
Manic syndromes have many neurologic, toxic, and metabolic causes. It is important for clinicians to be able to distinguish these organic disorders from primary idiopathic mania (bipolar disorder). The cardinal symptom of organic mania is an abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood. Organic mania usually develops in patients who are older than 35 years of age, whereas bipolar disorder generally has its onset between late adolescence and age 25 years. In patients with the first episode of mania, the clinician should thoroughly elicit information about current symptoms, recent infections, use of drugs, and past or family history of psychiatric disorders. In addition, a complete medical examination, computed tomography of the head, electroencephalography, and screening for drugs and toxins should be done. Treatment of organic mania includes correcting the underlying disorder when possible.
躁狂综合征有许多神经、中毒和代谢方面的病因。临床医生能够将这些器质性疾病与原发性特发性躁狂（双相情感障碍）区分开来很重要。器质性躁狂的主要症状是情绪异常且持续高涨或易激惹。器质性躁狂通常发生在35岁以上的患者中，而双相情感障碍一般在青春期末期至25岁之间发病。对于首次发作躁狂的患者，临床医生应全面了解当前症状、近期感染情况、药物使用情况以及既往或家族精神疾病史。此外，还应进行全面的体格检查、头部计算机断层扫描、脑电图检查以及药物和毒素筛查。器质性躁狂的治疗包括尽可能纠正潜在疾病。
