McIntyre J S
Postgrad Med. 1979 Jul;66(1):145-9. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1979.11715205.
A clinical picture of mania can have many causes, including amphetamine or cocaine use, acute schizophrenia, manic-depressive illness, and viral encephalitis. Accurate and complete history--of both the present episode and past experiences--is most valuable in the differentiation, along with mental status examination, physical examination, and selected laboratory tests. It is advisable to withhold drug therapy, if possible, until the initial evaluation is completed, for it may obscure the diagnosis.
躁狂的临床表现可能有多种原因，包括使用安非他明或可卡因、急性精神分裂症、躁郁症和病毒性脑炎。准确而完整的病史——包括当前发作情况和既往经历——对于鉴别诊断最为重要，同时还需要进行精神状态检查、体格检查以及一些特定的实验室检查。如果可能的话，在初步评估完成之前建议暂停药物治疗，因为这可能会掩盖诊断。
