Salvago Pietro, Gorgone Eleonora, Giaimo Silvia, Battaglia Epifanio, Dispenza Francesco, Ferrara Sergio, Martines Francesco
BiND Department, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Nov;126:109602. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109602. Epub 2019 Jul 26.
To investigate the role of the period of emergence of the first words and its interactions with other risk factors in predicting the development of speech sound disorder (SSD) among 4- to 5-year-old children.
After 373 children underwent otolaryngology and speech pathology examinations, their parents answered a questionnaire about potential risk factors for speech impairment. The presence of SSD was identified by a speech pathologist who administered Fanzago's Articulation Test to each child. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to explore the relationships between variables and outcomes.
Mean age at first words was 17.8 ± 6.5 months of life; 25.7% of patients suffered from SSD, and 3.7% from stuttering. A family history of language impairment was found in 12.9% of the sample, whereas a family history of reading difficulty was reported in only 5.4% of cases. No differences in terms of mean age (p = 0.3) or gestational age (p = 0.16) were found between children affected by SSD and those who were not. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that male sex (p < 0.001), a family history of language impairment (p < 0.001) and stuttering (p = 0.001) were significantly associated to SSD. Age at first words did not result a predictor of speech impairment.
In contrast to male sex (p < 0.001), family history of language impairment (p < 0.001) and stuttering (p = 0.001) which resulted significantly associated to SSD, age at first words does not seem to be a predictor of SSD (p = 0.11); however, it remains a useful indicator of language delay and, when considered in association with other language milestones, can be a reason of concern for parents and caregivers about their children's developmental and speech therapy needs.
探讨首次说话时间及其与其他风险因素的相互作用在预测4至5岁儿童语音障碍（SSD）发展中的作用。
373名儿童接受耳鼻喉科和言语病理学检查后，其父母回答了一份关于言语障碍潜在风险因素的问卷。言语病理学家通过对每个儿童进行范扎戈发音测试来确定是否存在SSD。采用多因素逻辑分析来探讨变量与结果之间的关系。
首次说话的平均年龄为17.8±6.5个月；25.7%的患者患有SSD，3.7%的患者患有口吃。12.9%的样本有语言障碍家族史，而只有5.4%的病例报告有阅读困难家族史。受SSD影响的儿童与未受影响的儿童在平均年龄（p = 0.3）或胎龄（p = 0.16）方面没有差异。多因素逻辑分析显示，男性（p < 0.001）、语言障碍家族史（p < 0.001）和口吃（p = 0.001）与SSD显著相关。首次说话的年龄不是言语障碍的预测因素。
与男性（p < 0.001）、语言障碍家族史（p < 0.001）和口吃（p = 0.001）与SSD显著相关不同，首次说话的年龄似乎不是SSD的预测因素（p = 0.11）；然而，它仍然是语言延迟的一个有用指标，并且与其他语言发育里程碑一起考虑时，可能会引起家长和照顾者对孩子发育和言语治疗需求的关注。
