San Diego State University/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Ct., San Diego, CA 92120, United States.
San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, United States.
Body Image. 2019 Sep;30:165-169. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.07.007. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Latino sexual minority men (SMM) have elevated anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) misuse in comparison to their heterosexual and non-Latino peers. Within a gender role framework, desire to present as masculine through heightened muscularity may be related to increased AAS misuse. To assess the association between AAS misuse and a culturally-distinct masculinity, this study examined the relationship of two aspects of machismo, traditional machismo and caballerismo, with AAS misuse in the past month. Participants were 141 young adult Latino SMM recruited from the San Diego area. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire online in English or Spanish, which included measures of machismo and AAS misuse. Out of 141 participants, 27 reported AAS misuse (19.1%). Traditional machismo was positively associated with AAS misuse and caballerismo was negatively associated with AAS misuse. Traditional machismo, which emphasizes dominance, may be positively associated with AAS misuse due to its facilitation of muscle development, which could enable physical intimidation; greater musculature may also counteract assumptions about femininity and sexual orientation. Caballerismo may be negatively associated with AAS by providing a flexible masculinity model that emphasizes social cohesion over dominance. Future AAS misuse interventions could include values-based work and cognitive restructuring of masculinity schemas.
拉丁裔性少数群体男性（SMM）与异性恋和非拉丁裔同龄人相比，使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）的情况更为普遍。在性别角色框架内，通过增加肌肉量来表现出男性气概的愿望可能与 AAS 滥用的增加有关。为了评估 AAS 滥用与独特的男性气质之间的关联，本研究考察了两种男子气概观念，传统男子气概和骑士精神，与过去一个月内 AAS 滥用之间的关系。参与者是从圣地亚哥地区招募的 141 名年轻的拉丁裔 SMM。参与者使用英语或西班牙语在线完成了一份自我报告问卷，其中包括男子气概和 AAS 滥用的衡量标准。在 141 名参与者中，有 27 人报告了 AAS 滥用（19.1%）。传统男子气概与 AAS 滥用呈正相关，而骑士精神与 AAS 滥用呈负相关。传统的男子气概强调支配地位，可能与 AAS 滥用呈正相关，因为它促进肌肉发育，从而能够进行身体恐吓；更大的肌肉量也可能抵消对女性气质和性取向的假设。骑士精神可能通过提供强调社会凝聚力而非支配地位的灵活男性气质模型与 AAS 滥用呈负相关。未来的 AAS 滥用干预措施可能包括基于价值观的工作和对男性气质模式的认知重构。
