Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Eat Behav. 2022 Jan;44:101595. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101595. Epub 2022 Jan 12.
Appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements (APEDS) are used to enhance muscle growth, athletic performance, and physical appearance. The aim of this study was to examine the lifetime use of APEDS and associations with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms among cisgender sexual minority people.
Participants were cisgender sexual minority people (1090 gay men, 100 bisexual plus men, 564 lesbian women, and 507 bisexual plus women) recruited from The PRIDE Study in 2018 who reported lifetime APEDS use and completed the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI). Regression analyses stratified by gender and sexual orientation examined associations of any APEDS use with EDE-Q and MDDI scores.
Lifetime APEDS use was common across the four groups of cisgender sexual minority people (44% of gay men, 42% of bisexual plus men, 29% of lesbian women, and 30% of bisexual plus women). Protein supplements and creatine supplements were the most commonly used APEDS. Any APEDS use was associated with higher EDE-Q scores on one or more subscales in all sexual minority groups. Further, any APEDS use was associated with higher MDDI Total Scores in all groups; any APEDS use was associated with all MDDI subscale scores in cisgender gay men only.
APEDS use is common and associated with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms in sexual minority men and women, thus highlighting the importance of assessing for these behaviors and symptoms among these populations in clinical settings.
外观和表现增强药物和补充剂（APEDS）用于增强肌肉生长、运动表现和身体外观。本研究旨在检查跨性别性少数群体中 APEDS 的终身使用情况及其与饮食障碍和肌肉变形障碍症状的关联。
参与者为 2018 年从 PRIDE 研究中招募的跨性别性少数群体（1090 名男同性恋者、100 名双性恋男性、564 名女同性恋者和 507 名双性恋女性），他们报告了终身使用 APEDS，并完成了饮食障碍检查问卷（EDE-Q）和肌肉变形障碍清单（MDDI）。按性别和性取向分层的回归分析检查了任何 APEDS 使用与 EDE-Q 和 MDDI 评分的关联。
跨性别性少数群体的四个群体中终身使用 APEDS 很常见（男同性恋者中有 44%、双性恋男性中有 42%、女同性恋者中有 29%、双性恋女性中有 30%）。蛋白质补充剂和肌酸补充剂是最常用的 APEDS。在所有性少数群体中，任何 APEDS 使用都与 EDE-Q 一个或多个分量表上的更高分数相关。此外，在所有群体中，任何 APEDS 使用都与 MDDI 总分较高相关；在 cisgender 男同性恋者中，任何 APEDS 使用都与所有 MDDI 分量表评分相关。
APEDS 的使用在性少数群体男性和女性中很常见，并且与饮食障碍和肌肉变形障碍症状相关，因此在临床环境中评估这些人群中的这些行为和症状非常重要。
