母亲和父亲的性别角色观念：与亲-子攻击风险的纵向关系。
Gender role ideology in mothers and fathers: Relation with parent-child aggression risk longitudinally.
机构信息
University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
出版信息
Child Abuse Negl. 2019 Oct;96:104087. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104087. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
BACKGROUND
The existing literature is dominated by models of parent-child aggression (PCA) risk using maternal samples, thereby limiting insight into factors that contribute to fathers' PCA risk. Protective factors that can affect PCA risk within the mother-father dyad at the cultural level are also often overlooked.
OBJECTIVE
The current study examined the potential positive role of gender ideologies on maternal and paternal PCA risk over time, considering both individual and partner effects on PCA risk.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
Participants were 150 couples, with primiparous mothers and their male partners identified from a larger study of PCA risk.
METHODS
The study employed a longitudinal design with three waves. Participants were first assessed in mothers' third trimester of pregnancy and re-assessed when their child was 6 months and 18 months. Dyads reported their gender role attitudes prenatally and PCA risk across time.
RESULTS
Egalitarian gender role ideologies related to lower PCA risk for both mothers and fathers prenatally. At 6 months, neither mothers' nor fathers' gender role ideologies related to PCA risk but by 18 months, fathers' gender role beliefs predicted their PCA risk whereas mother's gender role beliefs only marginally predicted their PCA risk. Maternal egalitarian gender ideologies significantly predicted fathers' lower PCA risk at 6 months.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest less traditional gender roles may contribute to lower PCA risk in parents particularly prior to childbirth. Therefore, future work is needed to further consider the evolving interconnectedness within couples in their PCA risk over time.
背景
现有文献主要以母亲样本为基础，研究亲子攻击（PCA）风险的模型，从而限制了对导致父亲 PCA 风险的因素的深入了解。在文化层面上，能够影响母婴对子 PCA 风险的保护因素也经常被忽视。
目的
本研究考察了性别意识形态对母婴 PCA 风险的潜在积极作用，同时考虑了个体和伴侣对 PCA 风险的影响。
参与者和设置
参与者为 150 对夫妇，其中母亲为初产妇，其男性伴侣来自 PCA 风险的一项更大研究。
方法
该研究采用了纵向设计，共三个阶段。参与者首先在母亲怀孕的第三个三个月进行评估，并在孩子 6 个月和 18 个月时重新评估。在怀孕期间，夫妻双方报告了他们的性别角色态度和 PCA 风险随时间的变化。
结果
平等主义的性别角色观念与母婴 PCA 风险降低有关。在 6 个月时，母亲和父亲的性别角色观念都与 PCA 风险无关，但到 18 个月时，父亲的性别角色观念预测了他们的 PCA 风险，而母亲的性别角色观念则只能略微预测他们的 PCA 风险。母亲的平等主义性别观念在 6 个月时显著预测了父亲较低的 PCA 风险。
结论
这些发现表明，较传统的性别角色可能有助于父母，尤其是在分娩前降低 PCA 风险。因此，未来的工作需要进一步考虑夫妻之间在 PCA 风险方面随时间变化的相互关联的演变。
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